CNJNE IV Exam - Questions With Proven Solutions
What are the differences between veins and arteries? Correct
Answer - Veins are located more superficially than arteries and
will also collapse
Veins Correct Answer - - Carry unoxygenated blood to the
heart
- Have valves
- will collapse
- Are located close to the surface
- do NOT pulsate
Arteries Correct Answer - - carry oxygenated blood from the
heart to the body
- Do NOT have valves
- Will NOT collapse
- Are located deep in tissue, protected by muscle
- Do pulsate
Digital veins Correct Answer - The dorsal digital veins flow
along the lateral portions of the fingers and are joined to each other
by communicating branches. These veins are available as a last
resort for fluid administration and consider only isotonic solutions
without additives. A #21G scalp needle can be used (but must be
well taped) and/or 20 to 22G catheter.
Metacarpal veins Correct Answer - The three metacarpal veins
are formed by the union of the digital veins on the dorsum of the
hand between the knuckles. Their position makes them suitable for
IV useOccasionally in the elderly, these veins are contraindicated
owing to inadequate supportive tissue and thin skin. Try to avoid
using, if infusing antibiotics, potassium chloride or
chemotherapeutic agents. A 20 to 22G, 3⁄4-1 inch in length over-
,the-needle catheter or 21 to 25G steel needle is preferred for this
site.
Cephalic vein Correct Answer - has its source in the radial part
of the dorsal venous network formed by the metacarpal veins. It
flows along the radial border or thumb side of the arm. Because of
its size and position, this vein provides an excellent route for
infusing chemically irritating medications and blood transfusion
administration. An 18 to 22G over-the-needle catheter can be
utilized with this vein.
Median cephalic vein Correct Answer - joins the cephalic vein
below the elbow. It is also an excellent route for blood
administration as it can accommodate a large IV cannula, such as 18
to 22G. In individuals with large amounts of adipose tissue, this vein
may be difficult to palpate. This area is usually used for short
periods of infusing.
Basilic vein Correct Answer - Located on the ulnar aspect, it is
a very good vein, but frequently overlooked. When other veins have
been exhausted, this vein is still available. By flexing the elbow and
bending the arm up, this vein can be visualized. The Brachial Artery
and the Ulnar Artery run under the basilica vein at various places
Median cubital vein Correct Answer - Located just below the
elbow bend and connects the cephalic and basilica veins. A 16 to
18G over-the-needle catheter is recommended.
Median Ante-brachial vein Correct Answer - Extends along the
ulnar portion of the front of the forearm (ventral surface). Empties
into the medial cubital vein. Not always easy to visualize as there are
variations from person to person with the superficial veins of the
forearm. Infiltration occurs easily. An 18 to 22G can be used.
, Which vein runs over two arteries, the brachial and ulnar arteries?
Correct Answer - Basilic Vein
The three layers of veins and arteries in order are: Correct Answer
- Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia
All of the following statements regarding the cause of arterial spasm
are true except: Correct Answer - Impaired circulation
Principal cation of ECF Correct Answer - sodium
Principal anion of ECF Correct Answer - chloride
Principal cation ICF Correct Answer - potassium
Plasma osmotic pressure Correct Answer - 290 mOsm/kg H2O
Hypertonic Correct Answer - solutions have a greater
osmolality than normal body fluid. An infusion of hypertonic
solution will draw fluid out of the cells and into the plasma, causing
the cells to shrink
Hypotonic Correct Answer - solutions have lower osmolality as
compared to normal body fluid. An infusion of hypotonic solution
will pull fluid into the cells, causing them to swell and burst.
Isotonic Correct Answer - solutions have the same osmolality
as normal body fluid (blood plasma). An infusion of isotonic fluid
has no effect on cell volume. There is an equal pressure on both
sides of the semipermeable membrane.
dehydration needed tonicity Correct Answer - use hypotonic
solution (D2.5W) or D5W
What are the differences between veins and arteries? Correct
Answer - Veins are located more superficially than arteries and
will also collapse
Veins Correct Answer - - Carry unoxygenated blood to the
heart
- Have valves
- will collapse
- Are located close to the surface
- do NOT pulsate
Arteries Correct Answer - - carry oxygenated blood from the
heart to the body
- Do NOT have valves
- Will NOT collapse
- Are located deep in tissue, protected by muscle
- Do pulsate
Digital veins Correct Answer - The dorsal digital veins flow
along the lateral portions of the fingers and are joined to each other
by communicating branches. These veins are available as a last
resort for fluid administration and consider only isotonic solutions
without additives. A #21G scalp needle can be used (but must be
well taped) and/or 20 to 22G catheter.
Metacarpal veins Correct Answer - The three metacarpal veins
are formed by the union of the digital veins on the dorsum of the
hand between the knuckles. Their position makes them suitable for
IV useOccasionally in the elderly, these veins are contraindicated
owing to inadequate supportive tissue and thin skin. Try to avoid
using, if infusing antibiotics, potassium chloride or
chemotherapeutic agents. A 20 to 22G, 3⁄4-1 inch in length over-
,the-needle catheter or 21 to 25G steel needle is preferred for this
site.
Cephalic vein Correct Answer - has its source in the radial part
of the dorsal venous network formed by the metacarpal veins. It
flows along the radial border or thumb side of the arm. Because of
its size and position, this vein provides an excellent route for
infusing chemically irritating medications and blood transfusion
administration. An 18 to 22G over-the-needle catheter can be
utilized with this vein.
Median cephalic vein Correct Answer - joins the cephalic vein
below the elbow. It is also an excellent route for blood
administration as it can accommodate a large IV cannula, such as 18
to 22G. In individuals with large amounts of adipose tissue, this vein
may be difficult to palpate. This area is usually used for short
periods of infusing.
Basilic vein Correct Answer - Located on the ulnar aspect, it is
a very good vein, but frequently overlooked. When other veins have
been exhausted, this vein is still available. By flexing the elbow and
bending the arm up, this vein can be visualized. The Brachial Artery
and the Ulnar Artery run under the basilica vein at various places
Median cubital vein Correct Answer - Located just below the
elbow bend and connects the cephalic and basilica veins. A 16 to
18G over-the-needle catheter is recommended.
Median Ante-brachial vein Correct Answer - Extends along the
ulnar portion of the front of the forearm (ventral surface). Empties
into the medial cubital vein. Not always easy to visualize as there are
variations from person to person with the superficial veins of the
forearm. Infiltration occurs easily. An 18 to 22G can be used.
, Which vein runs over two arteries, the brachial and ulnar arteries?
Correct Answer - Basilic Vein
The three layers of veins and arteries in order are: Correct Answer
- Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia
All of the following statements regarding the cause of arterial spasm
are true except: Correct Answer - Impaired circulation
Principal cation of ECF Correct Answer - sodium
Principal anion of ECF Correct Answer - chloride
Principal cation ICF Correct Answer - potassium
Plasma osmotic pressure Correct Answer - 290 mOsm/kg H2O
Hypertonic Correct Answer - solutions have a greater
osmolality than normal body fluid. An infusion of hypertonic
solution will draw fluid out of the cells and into the plasma, causing
the cells to shrink
Hypotonic Correct Answer - solutions have lower osmolality as
compared to normal body fluid. An infusion of hypotonic solution
will pull fluid into the cells, causing them to swell and burst.
Isotonic Correct Answer - solutions have the same osmolality
as normal body fluid (blood plasma). An infusion of isotonic fluid
has no effect on cell volume. There is an equal pressure on both
sides of the semipermeable membrane.
dehydration needed tonicity Correct Answer - use hypotonic
solution (D2.5W) or D5W
