,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
Multiple Choice
Identifyfthefchoicefthatfbestfcompletesfthefstatementforfanswersfthefquestion.
1. Whichfstatementfregardingfthefsodium–potassiumfpumpfisfcorrect?
1. Thefcell’sfplasmafmembranefisfmorefsolubleftofsodiumfionsfthanfpotassiumfions.
2. Thefconcentrationfoffsodiumfionsfshouldfbefhigherfinsidefthefcellfcompartment.
3. Thefconcentrationfoffpotassiumfionsfshouldfbefhigherfoutsidefthefcellf
compartment.
4. Thefactiveftransportfinvolvesfpumpingfoutfthreefsodiumfionsfandfpumpingfinftwof
potassiumfions.
2. Infthefabsencefoffoxygen,fwhichfcellularffunctionfcreatesfthefsamefamountfoffenergyfasfisfcreatedfinft
hefpresencefoffoxygen?
1. Dissipationfoffpyruvicfacid
2. Initiationfoffthefcitricfacidfcycle
3. Activationfoffacetyl-coenzymefA
4. Creationfoffacidosisfviaflacticfacid
3. Howfmanyfadenosineftriphosphatesf(ATPs)farefproducedfinfaerobicfenergyfmetabolism?
1.f f 2
2.f f 3
3.f f 34
4.f f 53
4. Whichfcellforganellesfdifferfinftheirfnumberfaccordingftofthefcell’sfenergyfneeds?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleicfacids
4. Deoxyribonucleicfacids
5. Whichfoptionfbestfsupportsfthefreasonfmorefenergyfisfproducedfwhenfafpersonfisfexercising?
1. Exercisefcausesfanfincreasefinfthefsynthesisfoffprotein.
2. Therefisfanfincreasefinfthefproductionfoffpyruvicfacidfinfthefcells.
3. Thefconversionfoffpyruvicfacidftoflacticfacidfisfincreasedfbyfexercise.
4. Musclefcellsfhavefmorefmitochondriaftofmeetfenergyfdemands.
6. Whenfdoesfribosomalfproteinfsynthesisfcease?
1. Duringfendoplasmicfreticulumfstress
2. Duringfthefsynthesisfoffadenosineftriphosphatef(ATP)
3. Duringfafseverefhypoxicfstate
4. Duringfthefprocessingfoffprohormone
7. Whichfcellularforganellesfarefresponsiblefforfpropellingfmucusfandfinhaledfdebrisfoutfofftheflungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretoryfvesicles
4. Endoplasmicfreticula
f f 8.f Whichfarefthefkeyfproteinsfinfthefcontractilefunitsfoffthefmusclefcells?
1. Actinfandfmyosin
2. Prohormonefandftubulin
3. Tubulinfandfactin
4. Myosinfandfprohormone
f f 9.f WhichfdeficiencyfcausesfTay–Sachsfdisease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomalfenzymes
f 10.f Whichfisfafcharacteristicfoffadrenoleukodystrophy?
1. Accumulationfoffganglioside
2. Cessationfoffribosomalfproteinfsynthesis
3. Accelerationfoffcellularfproteasomefactivity
4. Accumulationfofflong-chainffattyfacidsfinfthefnervousfsystem
f 11.f Whichfstatementfregardingfendoplasmicfreticulumf(ER)fstressfisfcorrect?
1. DuringfERfstress,fproteinsfarefrapidlyfdegraded.
2. DuringfERfstress,flipidsfcannotftravelftoftheirfproperfintracellularflocations.
3. DuringfERfstress,flong-chainffattyfacidsfaccumulatefinfthefnervousfsystem.
4. DuringfERfstress,fnondegradedfsubstancesfaccumulatefinfthefcells.
f 12.fAfclientfisfdiagnosedfwithftypef1fdiabetesfmellitus.fAtfafcellularflevel,fwhichffunctionfisflikelyftofbefi
nvolved?
1. Inabilityfoffribosomesftofproducefafspecificftypefoffprotein
2. IncorrectfprocessingfoffafproteinfbyfthefGolgifapparatus
3. Stagnationfoffafpreviouslyfdynamicfactionfinfmicrotubules
4. Obstructionfoffthefsmoothfendoplasmicfreticulum
f 13.f Afnewbornfpatientfexhibitsfcharacteristicsfoffseverefphysicalfdeformities.fWhichfcellularfcomponentfi
sfexaminedftofdeterminefthefcausefandfprobabilityfoffthefdiseasefbeingfgeneticallyftransferred?
1. TransferfRNA
2. RibosomalfRNA
3. DoublefhelixfoffDNA
4. MitochondrialfDNA
f 14.fAfhikerfexperiencesfmusclefpainfandfacidosisfwhilefascendingfafmountainfduringfaflong,fsteepf
climb.fWhichfisfthefreasonfforfthesefmanifestations?
1. Cellularfhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularfedema
, f 15.f WhichffactorfprovidesfDNAfthefuniquefmolecularfabilityftofreplicate?
1. Thefpairingfoffnitrogenousfbases
2. Thefpresencefoffpyrimidinefbases
3. Thefpresencefoffnucleotides
4. Thefnitrogenousfbasefandfphosphatefbond
f 16.f Howfmanyfnitrogenousfbasesfcomposefafsinglefcodon?
1.f f 2
2.f f 3
3.f f 4
4.f f 5
f 17.f WhichfcomponentsfformfthefstructurefoffDNA?
1.Nucleotides
2.Aminofacids
3.Fattyfacids
4.Phosphates
f 18.f Whichffactorfisfessentialfinforderfforfproteinfsynthesisftofoccur?
1. Free-standingfribosomesfwithinfthefcell
2. ProteinfblueprintffromfthefcellfoffthefDNA
3. Specificfinformationffromfthefnucleusfoffthefcell
4. TransferfRNAftofmovefthefproteinfoutfoffthefcell
f 19.fTetracyclinefantibioticfisfprescribedfforfanfadultfclientfwithfchlamydiafinfection.fWhichfisfthef
mechanismfoffactionfoffthefdrug?
1. Itfpreventsfthefreplicationfoffbacteria.
2. Itfaltersfthefconfigurationfoffbacterialfcytoplasm.
3. Itfinterferesfwithftheffunctionfoffbacterialfribosomes.
4. Itfinhibitsftheffunctionsfoffbacterialfmitochondria.
f 20.f Wherefdoesfthefconversionfoffafprohormonef intofafhormoneftakefplace?
1. Infthefribosomes
2. InfthefGolgifapparatus
3. Infthefsecretoryfgranules
4. Infthefendoplasmicfreticulum
f 21.f Whichfisfthefcell’sf“masterfmind”?
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgifapparatus
4. Endoplasmicfreticulum
MultiplefResponse
Identifyfoneforfmorefchoicesfthatfbestfcompletefthefstatementforfanswerfthefquestion.
f 22.f Whichfstatementsfregardingfthefmicrotubulesfareftrue?fSelectfallfthatfapply.
.
Multiple Choice
Identifyfthefchoicefthatfbestfcompletesfthefstatementforfanswersfthefquestion.
1. Whichfstatementfregardingfthefsodium–potassiumfpumpfisfcorrect?
1. Thefcell’sfplasmafmembranefisfmorefsolubleftofsodiumfionsfthanfpotassiumfions.
2. Thefconcentrationfoffsodiumfionsfshouldfbefhigherfinsidefthefcellfcompartment.
3. Thefconcentrationfoffpotassiumfionsfshouldfbefhigherfoutsidefthefcellf
compartment.
4. Thefactiveftransportfinvolvesfpumpingfoutfthreefsodiumfionsfandfpumpingfinftwof
potassiumfions.
2. Infthefabsencefoffoxygen,fwhichfcellularffunctionfcreatesfthefsamefamountfoffenergyfasfisfcreatedfinft
hefpresencefoffoxygen?
1. Dissipationfoffpyruvicfacid
2. Initiationfoffthefcitricfacidfcycle
3. Activationfoffacetyl-coenzymefA
4. Creationfoffacidosisfviaflacticfacid
3. Howfmanyfadenosineftriphosphatesf(ATPs)farefproducedfinfaerobicfenergyfmetabolism?
1.f f 2
2.f f 3
3.f f 34
4.f f 53
4. Whichfcellforganellesfdifferfinftheirfnumberfaccordingftofthefcell’sfenergyfneeds?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleicfacids
4. Deoxyribonucleicfacids
5. Whichfoptionfbestfsupportsfthefreasonfmorefenergyfisfproducedfwhenfafpersonfisfexercising?
1. Exercisefcausesfanfincreasefinfthefsynthesisfoffprotein.
2. Therefisfanfincreasefinfthefproductionfoffpyruvicfacidfinfthefcells.
3. Thefconversionfoffpyruvicfacidftoflacticfacidfisfincreasedfbyfexercise.
4. Musclefcellsfhavefmorefmitochondriaftofmeetfenergyfdemands.
6. Whenfdoesfribosomalfproteinfsynthesisfcease?
1. Duringfendoplasmicfreticulumfstress
2. Duringfthefsynthesisfoffadenosineftriphosphatef(ATP)
3. Duringfafseverefhypoxicfstate
4. Duringfthefprocessingfoffprohormone
7. Whichfcellularforganellesfarefresponsiblefforfpropellingfmucusfandfinhaledfdebrisfoutfofftheflungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretoryfvesicles
4. Endoplasmicfreticula
f f 8.f Whichfarefthefkeyfproteinsfinfthefcontractilefunitsfoffthefmusclefcells?
1. Actinfandfmyosin
2. Prohormonefandftubulin
3. Tubulinfandfactin
4. Myosinfandfprohormone
f f 9.f WhichfdeficiencyfcausesfTay–Sachsfdisease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomalfenzymes
f 10.f Whichfisfafcharacteristicfoffadrenoleukodystrophy?
1. Accumulationfoffganglioside
2. Cessationfoffribosomalfproteinfsynthesis
3. Accelerationfoffcellularfproteasomefactivity
4. Accumulationfofflong-chainffattyfacidsfinfthefnervousfsystem
f 11.f Whichfstatementfregardingfendoplasmicfreticulumf(ER)fstressfisfcorrect?
1. DuringfERfstress,fproteinsfarefrapidlyfdegraded.
2. DuringfERfstress,flipidsfcannotftravelftoftheirfproperfintracellularflocations.
3. DuringfERfstress,flong-chainffattyfacidsfaccumulatefinfthefnervousfsystem.
4. DuringfERfstress,fnondegradedfsubstancesfaccumulatefinfthefcells.
f 12.fAfclientfisfdiagnosedfwithftypef1fdiabetesfmellitus.fAtfafcellularflevel,fwhichffunctionfisflikelyftofbefi
nvolved?
1. Inabilityfoffribosomesftofproducefafspecificftypefoffprotein
2. IncorrectfprocessingfoffafproteinfbyfthefGolgifapparatus
3. Stagnationfoffafpreviouslyfdynamicfactionfinfmicrotubules
4. Obstructionfoffthefsmoothfendoplasmicfreticulum
f 13.f Afnewbornfpatientfexhibitsfcharacteristicsfoffseverefphysicalfdeformities.fWhichfcellularfcomponentfi
sfexaminedftofdeterminefthefcausefandfprobabilityfoffthefdiseasefbeingfgeneticallyftransferred?
1. TransferfRNA
2. RibosomalfRNA
3. DoublefhelixfoffDNA
4. MitochondrialfDNA
f 14.fAfhikerfexperiencesfmusclefpainfandfacidosisfwhilefascendingfafmountainfduringfaflong,fsteepf
climb.fWhichfisfthefreasonfforfthesefmanifestations?
1. Cellularfhypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellularfedema
, f 15.f WhichffactorfprovidesfDNAfthefuniquefmolecularfabilityftofreplicate?
1. Thefpairingfoffnitrogenousfbases
2. Thefpresencefoffpyrimidinefbases
3. Thefpresencefoffnucleotides
4. Thefnitrogenousfbasefandfphosphatefbond
f 16.f Howfmanyfnitrogenousfbasesfcomposefafsinglefcodon?
1.f f 2
2.f f 3
3.f f 4
4.f f 5
f 17.f WhichfcomponentsfformfthefstructurefoffDNA?
1.Nucleotides
2.Aminofacids
3.Fattyfacids
4.Phosphates
f 18.f Whichffactorfisfessentialfinforderfforfproteinfsynthesisftofoccur?
1. Free-standingfribosomesfwithinfthefcell
2. ProteinfblueprintffromfthefcellfoffthefDNA
3. Specificfinformationffromfthefnucleusfoffthefcell
4. TransferfRNAftofmovefthefproteinfoutfoffthefcell
f 19.fTetracyclinefantibioticfisfprescribedfforfanfadultfclientfwithfchlamydiafinfection.fWhichfisfthef
mechanismfoffactionfoffthefdrug?
1. Itfpreventsfthefreplicationfoffbacteria.
2. Itfaltersfthefconfigurationfoffbacterialfcytoplasm.
3. Itfinterferesfwithftheffunctionfoffbacterialfribosomes.
4. Itfinhibitsftheffunctionsfoffbacterialfmitochondria.
f 20.f Wherefdoesfthefconversionfoffafprohormonef intofafhormoneftakefplace?
1. Infthefribosomes
2. InfthefGolgifapparatus
3. Infthefsecretoryfgranules
4. Infthefendoplasmicfreticulum
f 21.f Whichfisfthefcell’sf“masterfmind”?
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgifapparatus
4. Endoplasmicfreticulum
MultiplefResponse
Identifyfoneforfmorefchoicesfthatfbestfcompletefthefstatementforfanswerfthefquestion.
f 22.f Whichfstatementsfregardingfthefmicrotubulesfareftrue?fSelectfallfthatfapply.
.
