1
NUR 210
NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 4| Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. Negative feedback system: Blood sugar gets high, so the
pancreas releases insulin to push it into the cells.
2. Counter regulatory hormones: Maintain blood sugar levels &
when blood sugar levels drop too low. Glucagon, epinepherine,
grow hormone, & cortisol.
3. Diabetes mellitus: -Chronic problem with hyperglycemia.
-Carbohydrate breakdown and fat & proteins are metabolized.
-Multi-system disease due to abnormal insulin production and/or
impaired insulin utilization.
-Leads to: heart disease, stroke, blindness, and lower limb
amputations -At risk for CAD
4. hyperglycemia: High blood glucose (sugar)
,5. Fasting blood glucose (FBG): -No carb intake (fasting) for 8
hours
-Normal less than 100 mg/dL
6. 100-126: What is the FBG for prediabetes?
7. greater than 126: What is the FBG for diabetes?
8. Hemoglobin A1c (Hgb A1c): -Way to measure someone's blood
glucose over the last 120 days
-Normal: less than 5.7%
9. 5.7% to 6.5%: What is considered a prediabetic Hgb A1c?
10. over 6.5%: What is considered a diabetic Hgb A1c?
11. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: -Islets of Langehans are
destroyed and no insulin produced=insulin dependent patients
-Peak onset 11 to 13 years, up to 30
-Typically those who are lean (10% have this type)
-Etiology: atrophy and loss of beta cells
-Autoimmune or nonimmune (secondary to other disease)
, 12. beta cells: Manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes usually do not
present until
70-90% destruction of
13. hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polydispia, & polyuria, DKA
& honeymoon period: What are the manifestations of type 1
diabetes mellitus? 28. autoimmune for type 1: -Cell mediated
Beta cell destruction
-Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors (mumps/mono, epstein-
barr, cow milk) and immune mediated
14. honeymoon period: Happens in the newly diagnosed
patients and will look like you are in remission and still producing
insulin but there is a period that shows long term issues with insulin
15. type 2 diabetes mellitus: -Insulin resistance
-90% of population has this
-Occurs in the older adult (over 40), related to those who are obese
-Pancreas releases insulin but is poorly utilized at the cellular level due
to: insulin resistance, impair glucose tolerance, inappropriate glucose
, production by the liver -Onset: graudual, occurs 7 years before
diagnosis
-Measured by HbA1C
16. obesity: What is the number one risk for type 2 diabetes
mellitus along with heart disease, stroke & genetic tendency?
17. HHS, the 3 P's, and hyperglycemia: What are the
manifestations for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
18. polyphagia: Excessive hunger. The cells are hungry for
sugar.
19. Polydipsia: Excessive thirst. Due to a high blood sugar and
osmolality.
20. Polyuria: Frequent urination. Glucose is in the urine.
21. Ketoacidosis: Excessive production of ketones, making the
blood acidic 37. metabolic syndrome: A syndrome marked by the
presence of 3 out of 4:
-Abdominal obesity (waist over 40 men, wist over 35
women), -Elevated triglycerides
NUR 210
NUR 210/ NUR210 Exam 4| Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. Negative feedback system: Blood sugar gets high, so the
pancreas releases insulin to push it into the cells.
2. Counter regulatory hormones: Maintain blood sugar levels &
when blood sugar levels drop too low. Glucagon, epinepherine,
grow hormone, & cortisol.
3. Diabetes mellitus: -Chronic problem with hyperglycemia.
-Carbohydrate breakdown and fat & proteins are metabolized.
-Multi-system disease due to abnormal insulin production and/or
impaired insulin utilization.
-Leads to: heart disease, stroke, blindness, and lower limb
amputations -At risk for CAD
4. hyperglycemia: High blood glucose (sugar)
,5. Fasting blood glucose (FBG): -No carb intake (fasting) for 8
hours
-Normal less than 100 mg/dL
6. 100-126: What is the FBG for prediabetes?
7. greater than 126: What is the FBG for diabetes?
8. Hemoglobin A1c (Hgb A1c): -Way to measure someone's blood
glucose over the last 120 days
-Normal: less than 5.7%
9. 5.7% to 6.5%: What is considered a prediabetic Hgb A1c?
10. over 6.5%: What is considered a diabetic Hgb A1c?
11. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: -Islets of Langehans are
destroyed and no insulin produced=insulin dependent patients
-Peak onset 11 to 13 years, up to 30
-Typically those who are lean (10% have this type)
-Etiology: atrophy and loss of beta cells
-Autoimmune or nonimmune (secondary to other disease)
, 12. beta cells: Manifestations of Type 1 Diabetes usually do not
present until
70-90% destruction of
13. hyperglycemia, polyphagia, polydispia, & polyuria, DKA
& honeymoon period: What are the manifestations of type 1
diabetes mellitus? 28. autoimmune for type 1: -Cell mediated
Beta cell destruction
-Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors (mumps/mono, epstein-
barr, cow milk) and immune mediated
14. honeymoon period: Happens in the newly diagnosed
patients and will look like you are in remission and still producing
insulin but there is a period that shows long term issues with insulin
15. type 2 diabetes mellitus: -Insulin resistance
-90% of population has this
-Occurs in the older adult (over 40), related to those who are obese
-Pancreas releases insulin but is poorly utilized at the cellular level due
to: insulin resistance, impair glucose tolerance, inappropriate glucose
, production by the liver -Onset: graudual, occurs 7 years before
diagnosis
-Measured by HbA1C
16. obesity: What is the number one risk for type 2 diabetes
mellitus along with heart disease, stroke & genetic tendency?
17. HHS, the 3 P's, and hyperglycemia: What are the
manifestations for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
18. polyphagia: Excessive hunger. The cells are hungry for
sugar.
19. Polydipsia: Excessive thirst. Due to a high blood sugar and
osmolality.
20. Polyuria: Frequent urination. Glucose is in the urine.
21. Ketoacidosis: Excessive production of ketones, making the
blood acidic 37. metabolic syndrome: A syndrome marked by the
presence of 3 out of 4:
-Abdominal obesity (waist over 40 men, wist over 35
women), -Elevated triglycerides
