BIOD331 Module 6 Neural Function Disorders
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 7-year-old child presents with recurrent seizures. Genetic
analysis reveals a mutation in the SCN1A gene. Which class of
ion channels is primarily affected by this mutation, contributing to
neuronal hyperexcitability in some epilepsy syndromes?
A) Voltage‐gated sodium channels
B) Voltage‐gated calcium channels
C) Ligand‐gated chloride channels
D) Potassium channels
Correct ANS:
©2025
,A) Voltage‐gated sodium channels
Rationale:
Mutations in the SCN1A gene affect voltage‐gated sodium
channels, which are critical for the initiation and propagation of
action potentials. Such mutations can lead to altered channel
kinetics and neuronal hyperexcitability, a pathological mechanism
in conditions like Dravet syndrome.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons,
leading to impaired synaptic transmission and cognitive deficits,
is a hallmark of ________ disease.
Correct ANS:
Alzheimer’s
Rationale:
Alzheimer’s disease involves the progressive loss of cholinergic
neurons in the basal forebrain, which diminishes the availability
©2025
,of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter essential for learning and
memory—resulting in the characteristic cognitive decline.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is
widely viewed as a cellular mechanism underlying learning and
memory, and its impairment is implicated in the cognitive deficits
observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
LTP is a sustained enhancement of synaptic strength that is
critical for learning and memory formation. Disruptions in LTP
mechanisms are associated with the memory deficits seen in
various neurodegenerative disorders.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all cellular events that contribute to the pathogenesis of
Parkinson’s disease:
A) Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein
B) Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress
C) Excessive dopamine release from presynaptic terminals
D) Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial activation
E) Disruption of ubiquitin-proteasome system
Correct ANS:
A, B, D, E
Rationale:
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein
aggregation (A), mitochondrial dysfunction with ensuing
oxidative stress (B), microglia-mediated neuroinflammation (D),
and impairment of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-
proteasome system (E). Excessive dopamine release (C) is not
typical; rather, loss of dopaminergic neurons results in dopamine
deficiency.
---
©2025
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 7-year-old child presents with recurrent seizures. Genetic
analysis reveals a mutation in the SCN1A gene. Which class of
ion channels is primarily affected by this mutation, contributing to
neuronal hyperexcitability in some epilepsy syndromes?
A) Voltage‐gated sodium channels
B) Voltage‐gated calcium channels
C) Ligand‐gated chloride channels
D) Potassium channels
Correct ANS:
©2025
,A) Voltage‐gated sodium channels
Rationale:
Mutations in the SCN1A gene affect voltage‐gated sodium
channels, which are critical for the initiation and propagation of
action potentials. Such mutations can lead to altered channel
kinetics and neuronal hyperexcitability, a pathological mechanism
in conditions like Dravet syndrome.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons,
leading to impaired synaptic transmission and cognitive deficits,
is a hallmark of ________ disease.
Correct ANS:
Alzheimer’s
Rationale:
Alzheimer’s disease involves the progressive loss of cholinergic
neurons in the basal forebrain, which diminishes the availability
©2025
,of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter essential for learning and
memory—resulting in the characteristic cognitive decline.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is
widely viewed as a cellular mechanism underlying learning and
memory, and its impairment is implicated in the cognitive deficits
observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
LTP is a sustained enhancement of synaptic strength that is
critical for learning and memory formation. Disruptions in LTP
mechanisms are associated with the memory deficits seen in
various neurodegenerative disorders.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all cellular events that contribute to the pathogenesis of
Parkinson’s disease:
A) Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein
B) Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to oxidative stress
C) Excessive dopamine release from presynaptic terminals
D) Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial activation
E) Disruption of ubiquitin-proteasome system
Correct ANS:
A, B, D, E
Rationale:
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein
aggregation (A), mitochondrial dysfunction with ensuing
oxidative stress (B), microglia-mediated neuroinflammation (D),
and impairment of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-
proteasome system (E). Excessive dopamine release (C) is not
typical; rather, loss of dopaminergic neurons results in dopamine
deficiency.
---
©2025
