BIOD331 Module 1 Overview of Pathophysiology
& Cell Biology
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell
size without an increase in cell number, often seen in response to
increased functional demand?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) Hypertrophy
Rationale:
Hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism where cells enlarge to
meet increased workload, as seen in cardiac muscle following
hypertension. In contrast, hyperplasia involves increased cell
number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and metaplasia is the
replacement of one cell type with another.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process by which programmed cell death occurs without
eliciting an inflammatory response is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
apoptosis
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell suicide that allows
the body to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells in an orderly
©2025
,manner, without causing an inflammatory reaction, thereby
maintaining tissue homeostasis.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Necrosis is a form of cell death that is typically
programmed and non-inflammatory.
Correct ANS:
False
Rationale:
Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death resulting from acute
injury, leading to cell swelling, rupture, and often provoking a
significant inflammatory response. In contrast, apoptosis is a
programmed and non-inflammatory form of cell death.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
©2025
, Question:
Select all processes that represent cellular adaptations to stress:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
E) Dysplasia
Correct ANS:
A, B, C, D
Rationale:
Cells adapt to stress through hypertrophy (increased size),
hyperplasia (increased number), atrophy (decreased size), and
metaplasia (change in cell type). Dysplasia, however, represents a
disordered growth and is typically a precancerous condition rather
than a normal adaptive response.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
©2025
& Cell Biology
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which cellular adaptation is characterized by an increase in cell
size without an increase in cell number, often seen in response to
increased functional demand?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) Hypertrophy
Rationale:
Hypertrophy is an adaptive mechanism where cells enlarge to
meet increased workload, as seen in cardiac muscle following
hypertension. In contrast, hyperplasia involves increased cell
number, atrophy is a decrease in cell size, and metaplasia is the
replacement of one cell type with another.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process by which programmed cell death occurs without
eliciting an inflammatory response is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
apoptosis
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cell suicide that allows
the body to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells in an orderly
©2025
,manner, without causing an inflammatory reaction, thereby
maintaining tissue homeostasis.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Necrosis is a form of cell death that is typically
programmed and non-inflammatory.
Correct ANS:
False
Rationale:
Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death resulting from acute
injury, leading to cell swelling, rupture, and often provoking a
significant inflammatory response. In contrast, apoptosis is a
programmed and non-inflammatory form of cell death.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
©2025
, Question:
Select all processes that represent cellular adaptations to stress:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
E) Dysplasia
Correct ANS:
A, B, C, D
Rationale:
Cells adapt to stress through hypertrophy (increased size),
hyperplasia (increased number), atrophy (decreased size), and
metaplasia (change in cell type). Dysplasia, however, represents a
disordered growth and is typically a precancerous condition rather
than a normal adaptive response.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
©2025
