NR 511 LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Muscle strains
•Strain-can be due to not warming up prior to exercise; Teachable moment when the
patient presents with a strain is just to suggest stretching and warm-up exercises prior
to the full exercise routine
Bacterial Prostatitis
•
•Note: The etiology of urethral discharge or difficulty voiding can include acute and
chronic prostatitis and prostatic abscess. Young adult males in their 20s usually have
acute prostatitis from gonorrhea or other bacterial infections.
•The rectal examination should be performed gently because vigorous manipulation of
the prostate can result in septicemia. Therefore, prostatic massage is contraindicated.
•Acute bacterial prostatitis is always associated with a UTI and has a characteristically
abrupt onset. Fever, chills, low back pain, tenesmus, and urinary complaints typical of
UTI are common.
inflammatory bowel disease
disease-the mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease
•Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding
inflammatory bowel disease
•Occurs in the rectum and sigmoid colon
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
inflammatory bowel disease
•total colectomy is a treatment option that can completely resolve this problem.
Diverticulitis
bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
Diverticulitis
localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the abdomen with associated anorexia,
nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis
, •High-fiber diet is best management
C. difficile
•Infection of the large intestine
C. diff
•Exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human feces
•Causes profuse, watery, mucoid diarrhea
Mild C. Diff
-Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two or more days
Severe C. diff
-Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA):
identifies toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay
identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
detects bacterial genes
Endoscopy
if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show pseudomembranes that suggest c-
diff infection
C. diff treatment
•Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
Muscle strains
•Strain-can be due to not warming up prior to exercise; Teachable moment when the
patient presents with a strain is just to suggest stretching and warm-up exercises prior
to the full exercise routine
Bacterial Prostatitis
•
•Note: The etiology of urethral discharge or difficulty voiding can include acute and
chronic prostatitis and prostatic abscess. Young adult males in their 20s usually have
acute prostatitis from gonorrhea or other bacterial infections.
•The rectal examination should be performed gently because vigorous manipulation of
the prostate can result in septicemia. Therefore, prostatic massage is contraindicated.
•Acute bacterial prostatitis is always associated with a UTI and has a characteristically
abrupt onset. Fever, chills, low back pain, tenesmus, and urinary complaints typical of
UTI are common.
inflammatory bowel disease
disease-the mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease
•Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding
inflammatory bowel disease
•Occurs in the rectum and sigmoid colon
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
inflammatory bowel disease
•total colectomy is a treatment option that can completely resolve this problem.
Diverticulitis
bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
Diverticulitis
localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the abdomen with associated anorexia,
nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis
, •High-fiber diet is best management
C. difficile
•Infection of the large intestine
C. diff
•Exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human feces
•Causes profuse, watery, mucoid diarrhea
Mild C. Diff
-Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two or more days
Severe C. diff
-Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA):
identifies toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
Cell cytotoxicity assay
identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
detects bacterial genes
Endoscopy
if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show pseudomembranes that suggest c-
diff infection
C. diff treatment
•Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
