Chapters 1-4 14th edition Organizational Behavior

Chapters 1-4 14th edition Organizational Behavior [Document subtitle]   "long term orientation - CORRECT ANSWER a culture dimension that refers to the degree to which a given culture values persistence, thrift, having a sense of shame, and ordering relationships by status' "short term orientation - CORRECT ANSWER a cultural dimension that refers to which a culture values respect for tradition, the exchange of favors and gifts protecting "face" and personal steadiness and stability' "global corporation - CORRECT ANSWER an enterprize structured so that national boundaries become blurred. the best people are hired irrespective of national origin' "host country nationals - CORRECT ANSWER workers from the local population where and operation is located' "parent country nationals - CORRECT ANSWER individuals sent from the country in which the firm is headquartered. often called "expatriates"' "third country nationals - CORRECT ANSWER employees not from the country in which the firm is headquartered or where the operation is located' "personality - CORRECT ANSWER a stable set of characteristics and tendencies the determine commonalities and differences in people's behavior' "trait personality theories - CORRECT ANSWER theories based on the premise that predispositions direct the behavior of an individual in a consistent pattern' "psychodynamic personality theories - CORRECT ANSWER Freudian approach that discusses the id, superego, and ego. Special emphasis is placed on unconscious determinants of behavior' "humanistic personality theories - CORRECT ANSWER place emphasis on growth and self actualization of people' "personality test - CORRECT ANSWER test used to measure emotional, interpersonal, and attitude characteristics that make up a person's personality' "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - CORRECT ANSWER widely used survey for assessing personality' ' "globalization - CORRECT ANSWER the interdependency of transportation, distribution, communication, and economic networks across international borders' "cross cultural management - CORRECT ANSWER the study of the behavior of individuals in organizations around the world' "benchmarking - CORRECT ANSWER a standard of excellence or achievement against which a firm's products or practices are measured or judged' "national culture - CORRECT ANSWER a set of values, attitudes, beliefs, and norms shared by a majority of the inhabitants of a country' "uncertainty avoidance - CORRECT ANSWER a dimension identified by Hofstede that concerns the degree to which people are comfortable with ambiguous situations and with the inability to predict future events with accuracy' "Masculinity- Femininity - CORRECT ANSWER a dimension uncovered by Hofstede. a culture designates assertiveness, dominance, and independence/ a culture designates interdependence, compassion, and emotional opinions' "individualism-collectivism - CORRECT ANSWER Hofstede. emphasizes pursuit of individual goals, needs, and success/ emphasizes group need, satisfaction, and performance.' "power distance - CORRECT ANSWER Hofstede. It refers to the degree to which members of a society accept differences in power and status among themselves' "expatriate manager - CORRECT ANSWER a manger from the firm's home nation who's on an overseas assignment' "culture shock cycle - CORRECT ANSWER a three phase cycle that most individuals sent to another culture experience' "ability - CORRECT ANSWER a biological or learned trait that permits a person to do something mental of physical' "skills - CORRECT ANSWER task-related competencies' "job analysis - CORRECT ANSWER process of defining and studying a job in terms of behavior and specifying education and training needed to perform the job' "diversity - CORRECT ANSWER describes human qualities such as race, gender, and ethnicity that are different from our own and that are outside the groups to which we belong' "perception - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which an individual gives meaning to the environment. It involves organizing and interpreting various stimuli into a psychological experience' "stereotype - CORRECT ANSWER an overgeneralized, oversimplified, and self-perpetuating belief about people's personal characteristics' "attribution - CORRECT ANSWER the process of perceiving the causes of behavior and outcomes' "attitudes - CORRECT ANSWER mental states of readiness for need arousal' "cognitive dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER a mental state of anxiety that occurs when there's a conflict among an individual's various cognitions after a decision has been made.' "job satisfaction - CORRECT ANSWER the attitude that workers have about their jobs. It results from their perception of the job' organizations - CORRECT ANSWER Entities that enable society to pursue accomplishments that can't be achieved by individuals acting alone' "organizational behavior - CORRECT ANSWER the field of study that draws theory, methods, and principles from various disciplines to learn about individuals' perceptions, values, learning capacities, and actions while working in groups and within the organization and to analyze the external environment's effect on the organization and it's human resources, missions, objectives, and strategies' "contingency approach - CORRECT ANSWER approach to management that believes there is no one best way to manage in every situation and managers must find different ways that fit different situations' "structure - CORRECT ANSWER blueprint that indicates how people and jobs are grouped together in an organization. Structure ids illustrated by an organizational chart.' "processes - CORRECT ANSWER activities that breathe life into organization structure. examples are communication, decision making, socialization, and career development' "goal approach to effectiveness - CORRECT ANSWER perspective on effectiveness that emphasizes the central role of goal achievement as a criterion for assessing effectiveness' "system - CORRECT ANSWER a grouping of elements that individually establish relationships with each other and that interact with their environment both as individuals and as a collective' "stakeholder approach to effectiveness - CORRECT ANSWER perspective that emphasizes the relative importance of different group's and individuals' interests in an organization' "organizational culture - CORRECT ANSWER What the employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations' "values - CORRECT ANSWER the conscious, affective desires or wants of people that guide their behavior' "spirituality - CORRECT ANSWER state or experience that can provide individuals with direction or meaning, or provide feelings of understanding, support, inner wholeness, or connectedness' "socialization - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which organizations bring new employees into the culture' "Myer's Briggs Type Indicator - CORRECT ANSWER A scale that assesses personality or cognitive style. Respondents' answers are scored and interpreted to classify them as extroverted or introverted, sensory or intuitive, thinking or feeling, and perceiving or judging. Sixteen different personality types are possible.' "locus of control - CORRECT ANSWER a personality characteristic that describes people who see the control of their lives as coming from inside themselves as internalizers. People who believe at their lives are controlled by external factors are externalizers.' "self-efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER the belief that one can perform adequately in a situation. Self efficacy has 3 different dimensions: magnitude, strength, and generality' "psychological contract - CORRECT ANSWER am implied understanding of mutual contributions between a person and his or her organization.' "multinational corporation - CORRECT ANSWER a firm with operations in different nations with each viewed as a relatively separate enterprise' "Confucian dynamism - CORRECT ANSWER another name for long term orientation' "mentor - CORRECT ANSWER a friend, coach, adviser, or sponsor who supports, encourages, and helps a less experienced protege' "diversity - CORRECT ANSWER the vast array of physical and cultural differences that constitute the spectrum of human attributes