Micro 3050 {Clemson University} Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
Hooke Discovered cells
1st to observe and accurately describe
Leeuwenhoek
bacteria
discredited spontaneous generation for
Redi
large animals
disproved spontaneous generation
developed pasteurization
discovered attenuation
Pasteur
developed anthrax, cholerae, and rabies
vaccines
solidified the germ theory of disease
Semmelweis handwashing
developed cleaner surgical techniques to
Lister
reduce infection
developed koch's postulates
Koch found the bacteria that causes TB, an-
thrax, and cholerea
used vaccination techniques to protect
Jenner
from smallpox
discovered endospore
Cohn
classified bacteria by shape
Flemming penicillin
selective and enrichment media
Biejernick
viruses
Winogradsky discovered many metabolic processes
discovered transforming principle
Griffith
smooth strain = killer
Avery, Macleod, and Maccarty discovered DNA
1. bacteria and archea (prokaryotes)
2. phototrophic bacteria
Order of microbial evolution 3. cyanobacteria, O2 now present
4. eukarya
5. animals, vascular plants, humans, etc.
Bright-field microscopy
1/9
, Micro 3050 {Clemson University} Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
specimens visualized due to difference in
contrast/density between specimen and
background
best resolution = low D, high NA (adding
Resolution oil or decrease working distance), high n,
low wavelength (violet light)
1. Fixation
Ways to improve contrast 2. Staining (basic dyes - charges, acid
dyes + charges)
stains cells with high mycolic acid in cell
acid fast staining
walls
capsule staining negative stain, dyes backgroun
flagella staining mordant applied to increase thickness
defined media precise chemical composition is known
nutrient rich but poorly defined
complex media
commonly has peptones or extracts
support the growth of many microorgan-
general purpose media
isms
enriched media GPM with a highly nutritious substance
contains minimal nutrients for wild type
minimal media
growth
favors the growth of some, inhibits the
selective media
growth of others
differential media distinguishes types of microbes
meshlike polymer
alternating sugar backbone , NAG and
peptidoglycan structure
NAM, targeted by lysozymes
alternating amino acids
provide shape
protects from osmotic lysis
Cell wall functions
can contribute to pathogenicness
protects from toxins
Gram + cells
2/9
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
Hooke Discovered cells
1st to observe and accurately describe
Leeuwenhoek
bacteria
discredited spontaneous generation for
Redi
large animals
disproved spontaneous generation
developed pasteurization
discovered attenuation
Pasteur
developed anthrax, cholerae, and rabies
vaccines
solidified the germ theory of disease
Semmelweis handwashing
developed cleaner surgical techniques to
Lister
reduce infection
developed koch's postulates
Koch found the bacteria that causes TB, an-
thrax, and cholerea
used vaccination techniques to protect
Jenner
from smallpox
discovered endospore
Cohn
classified bacteria by shape
Flemming penicillin
selective and enrichment media
Biejernick
viruses
Winogradsky discovered many metabolic processes
discovered transforming principle
Griffith
smooth strain = killer
Avery, Macleod, and Maccarty discovered DNA
1. bacteria and archea (prokaryotes)
2. phototrophic bacteria
Order of microbial evolution 3. cyanobacteria, O2 now present
4. eukarya
5. animals, vascular plants, humans, etc.
Bright-field microscopy
1/9
, Micro 3050 {Clemson University} Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
specimens visualized due to difference in
contrast/density between specimen and
background
best resolution = low D, high NA (adding
Resolution oil or decrease working distance), high n,
low wavelength (violet light)
1. Fixation
Ways to improve contrast 2. Staining (basic dyes - charges, acid
dyes + charges)
stains cells with high mycolic acid in cell
acid fast staining
walls
capsule staining negative stain, dyes backgroun
flagella staining mordant applied to increase thickness
defined media precise chemical composition is known
nutrient rich but poorly defined
complex media
commonly has peptones or extracts
support the growth of many microorgan-
general purpose media
isms
enriched media GPM with a highly nutritious substance
contains minimal nutrients for wild type
minimal media
growth
favors the growth of some, inhibits the
selective media
growth of others
differential media distinguishes types of microbes
meshlike polymer
alternating sugar backbone , NAG and
peptidoglycan structure
NAM, targeted by lysozymes
alternating amino acids
provide shape
protects from osmotic lysis
Cell wall functions
can contribute to pathogenicness
protects from toxins
Gram + cells
2/9
