Micro 3050 Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
-organisms and acellular entities too tiny
for naked eye
-cellular: Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, Ar-
chaea
Define "microorganism" and describe -acellular: viruses, viroid's, satellites, pri-
the types studied by microbiologists (cel- ons
lular and acellular)
-eukaryotic: larger, mem-bound nucleus,
more complex, have DNA
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and
-prokaryotic: LACK mem-bound nucleus,
eukaryotic microbial cells
not absolute (exceptions), has plasma
(cell carrying plasmid has traits associat-
ed w/ bacteria), have DNA
euk: 0.8 - millions of um
Know the size ranges for bacteria, virus-
-viruses: 0.01-2.3 u,
es, and eukaryotic cells
-bacteria/archaea: 0.2 - 10,000
r=1 um
SA/V = 3/r=3
r=2 um
Understand the relationship of the size SA/V= 3/r = 1.5
of the cell and its surface area to volume
ratio.
Explain the advantages of being small
, Micro 3050 Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
-It's good to be a small cell because you
can metabolize and reproduce faster
-Smaller cells have higher SA to V ration;
this means you can grow faster. They can
adapt faster too
shape: cocci and bacilli most common
arrangement: determined by plane of di-
vision and degree of separation after di-
vision
Recognize the cell morphologies and
arrangements of bacteria.
-cocci
-diplococci (pairs)
-streptococci (chains)
Cocci
-staphylococci (clusters -grapes)
-tetrads (4 cocci in a square)
-sarcinae (any group of 8, ex: 8, 32, etc)
bacilli -coccobacilli (very short rods) -vib-
rio's (resemble robs, comma shapes)
Bacilli -spirilla (twist into you, ridged helices,
increase SA/V) -spirochetes (flexible he-
lices, curly)
-filamentous (mycelium, networks of long
multicellular filaments)
Other shapes / arrangements -pleomorphic (variable in shape)
-unique (star)
-palisades (unique arrangement)
, Micro 3050 Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
mutation of genetic material-> new
genotypes -> advantageous pheno-
types->natural selection
Explain how microbes evolve and have
become so diverse. -bacteria and archaea:
-are haploid
-increase genetic diversity by horizontal
gene transfer within SAME generation
In the context of the Earth's history, be
familiar with the current theories of mi- -cyanobacteria
crobial evolution
- 3 domain system based on a compari-
son of the DNA encoding small subunits
of ribosomal RNA
Explain how the Universal Phylogenetic
Tree was developed -divides microorganisms into:
1. bacteria (pro, has peptido)
2. Eukarya (euk, no peptido)
3. Archaea (pro, no peptido)
species: a collection of strains that share
many stable properties and differ signifi-
cantly from other groups of strains
Define the prokaryotic "species" and the
microbial strain
strain: consists of the descendants of a
single pure microbial culture (one strain
designated as type strain)
-binomial nomenclature
Explain how microorganisms are named -genus and species
-by Carl Linnaeus
, Know the contributions of all the scien-
tists discussed in lecture to the science
of microbiology
-living organisms can develop from non-
living or decomposition matter
Explain the theory of Spontaneous Gen- -discredited by Redi (1668) with jars with
eration and explain how it was disproved. meat and lids (wood, gauze, no lid)
-Also with swan-necked bottles by Pas-
teur (1864) (didn't let microorganisms in
air from contaminating contents of flask)
-same pathogen must be present in
every case of disease and absent of
healthy
List Koch's postulates and describe how -pathogen must be isolated and grown in
they are used to determine the cause of pure culture
a disease (including the microbiological
materials and methods employed) - when inoculated into healthy host the
pure culture must cause same disease
-pathogen but be re-isolated from these
newly infected hosts
Explain how bacteria were used to "crack
the code of life.
-Koch: established relationship between
bacilli anthracis and anthrax
Direct evidence
-mycano tub and TB
-vibrio cholera and cholera
-Semmelweis (1847): hand washing pre-
vents childbed fever
Indirect evidence -Lister (1867): developed system to pre-
vent microbes from entering wounds
-his patients had fewer postoperative in-
fections
Know the terms associated with mi-
croscopy
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
-organisms and acellular entities too tiny
for naked eye
-cellular: Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, Ar-
chaea
Define "microorganism" and describe -acellular: viruses, viroid's, satellites, pri-
the types studied by microbiologists (cel- ons
lular and acellular)
-eukaryotic: larger, mem-bound nucleus,
more complex, have DNA
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and
-prokaryotic: LACK mem-bound nucleus,
eukaryotic microbial cells
not absolute (exceptions), has plasma
(cell carrying plasmid has traits associat-
ed w/ bacteria), have DNA
euk: 0.8 - millions of um
Know the size ranges for bacteria, virus-
-viruses: 0.01-2.3 u,
es, and eukaryotic cells
-bacteria/archaea: 0.2 - 10,000
r=1 um
SA/V = 3/r=3
r=2 um
Understand the relationship of the size SA/V= 3/r = 1.5
of the cell and its surface area to volume
ratio.
Explain the advantages of being small
, Micro 3050 Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
-It's good to be a small cell because you
can metabolize and reproduce faster
-Smaller cells have higher SA to V ration;
this means you can grow faster. They can
adapt faster too
shape: cocci and bacilli most common
arrangement: determined by plane of di-
vision and degree of separation after di-
vision
Recognize the cell morphologies and
arrangements of bacteria.
-cocci
-diplococci (pairs)
-streptococci (chains)
Cocci
-staphylococci (clusters -grapes)
-tetrads (4 cocci in a square)
-sarcinae (any group of 8, ex: 8, 32, etc)
bacilli -coccobacilli (very short rods) -vib-
rio's (resemble robs, comma shapes)
Bacilli -spirilla (twist into you, ridged helices,
increase SA/V) -spirochetes (flexible he-
lices, curly)
-filamentous (mycelium, networks of long
multicellular filaments)
Other shapes / arrangements -pleomorphic (variable in shape)
-unique (star)
-palisades (unique arrangement)
, Micro 3050 Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
mutation of genetic material-> new
genotypes -> advantageous pheno-
types->natural selection
Explain how microbes evolve and have
become so diverse. -bacteria and archaea:
-are haploid
-increase genetic diversity by horizontal
gene transfer within SAME generation
In the context of the Earth's history, be
familiar with the current theories of mi- -cyanobacteria
crobial evolution
- 3 domain system based on a compari-
son of the DNA encoding small subunits
of ribosomal RNA
Explain how the Universal Phylogenetic
Tree was developed -divides microorganisms into:
1. bacteria (pro, has peptido)
2. Eukarya (euk, no peptido)
3. Archaea (pro, no peptido)
species: a collection of strains that share
many stable properties and differ signifi-
cantly from other groups of strains
Define the prokaryotic "species" and the
microbial strain
strain: consists of the descendants of a
single pure microbial culture (one strain
designated as type strain)
-binomial nomenclature
Explain how microorganisms are named -genus and species
-by Carl Linnaeus
, Know the contributions of all the scien-
tists discussed in lecture to the science
of microbiology
-living organisms can develop from non-
living or decomposition matter
Explain the theory of Spontaneous Gen- -discredited by Redi (1668) with jars with
eration and explain how it was disproved. meat and lids (wood, gauze, no lid)
-Also with swan-necked bottles by Pas-
teur (1864) (didn't let microorganisms in
air from contaminating contents of flask)
-same pathogen must be present in
every case of disease and absent of
healthy
List Koch's postulates and describe how -pathogen must be isolated and grown in
they are used to determine the cause of pure culture
a disease (including the microbiological
materials and methods employed) - when inoculated into healthy host the
pure culture must cause same disease
-pathogen but be re-isolated from these
newly infected hosts
Explain how bacteria were used to "crack
the code of life.
-Koch: established relationship between
bacilli anthracis and anthrax
Direct evidence
-mycano tub and TB
-vibrio cholera and cholera
-Semmelweis (1847): hand washing pre-
vents childbed fever
Indirect evidence -Lister (1867): developed system to pre-
vent microbes from entering wounds
-his patients had fewer postoperative in-
fections
Know the terms associated with mi-
croscopy
