SOCIOLOGY 101 EXAM 2 (CH.5-7, 9)
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Social groups - ANSWER-two or more people who identify with and interact with one
another
primary group - ANSWER-a small social group whose members share personal and
lasting relationships
Secondary group - ANSWER-a large and impersonal social group whose members
pursue a specific goal or activity
Sumner's Groups - ANSWER-In-groups- the group that an individual feels she
belongs to, and she believes it to be an integral part of who she is
Out-groups-a group someone does not belong to; often we may feel disdain or
competition in relationship to an out-group
reference group - ANSWER-a group that people compare themselves to
Structural Functionalism - ANSWER-People gives up some freedom when forming
groups to have needs met
social conflict - ANSWER-Groups involve power relations
Symbolic Interaction - ANSWER-Size of groups influenced the kinds of interaction
Post modern - ANSWER-A groups characterized by superficiality and depthness
Instrumental Leadership - ANSWER-task oriented
Expressive - ANSWER-People Oriented
Democratic Leadership - ANSWER-member involvement
Laissez-Faire - ANSWER-Mainly let ppl function on their own
authortarian - ANSWER-like a dictator
Milgram's Obedience Study - ANSWER-An experiment in which Stanley Milgram
found that people will usually obey an authority, even if they might think what they
are doing is wrong.
ulitarian - ANSWER-Material reward for members corporation
Normative - ANSWER-Voluntary organizations, ties to personal morality
, Coercive - ANSWER-serving or intended to compel by force or authority
Bureaucracy - ANSWER--Complex multi-level administrative hierarchy
-Departmental specialization
-Strict division of authority
-Standard set of formal rules or operating procedures
Bureaucracy Cons - ANSWER-excessive rules, regulations, and paperwork; that
fosters interagency conflict; that tasks are duplicated by various agencies; that there
is too much waste and unchecked growth; and that there is a lack of accountability.
Bureaucracy Pros - ANSWER-1. Central authority in bureaucracy makes it effective
in organizing.
2. It supports the hiring of specialized officials.
3. It allows for merit-based hiring and promotion.
Robert Merton: Strain Theory - ANSWER-access to socially acceptable goals plays a
part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates.
Travis Hirschi: Control Theory - ANSWER-social control is directly affected by the
strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection
from society
Social control - ANSWER-The regulation and enforcement of norms
Branches of the U.S. Criminal Justice System - ANSWER-The court system and
accompanying lawyers - Uphold the law and determine if charges are justified.
The corrections department - Prevents future crime by punishing and rehabilitating
offenders.
Law enforcement agencies - Enforce the law at the local and federal level.
secondary deviance (labeling theory) - ANSWER-subsequent acts of rule breaking
that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new, deviant label, the
stigma attached to it and people's expectations of you
Primary deviance - ANSWER-the first act of rule breaking that may incur a label of
"deviant" and thus influence how people think about and act toward you
Differential Association Theory - ANSWER-a theory that states individuals learn
deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities
for deviance
issue in studying global social inequality - ANSWER-Social inequality is relative and
therefore difficult to compare across countries
social inequality - ANSWER-the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige
among members of a society
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Social groups - ANSWER-two or more people who identify with and interact with one
another
primary group - ANSWER-a small social group whose members share personal and
lasting relationships
Secondary group - ANSWER-a large and impersonal social group whose members
pursue a specific goal or activity
Sumner's Groups - ANSWER-In-groups- the group that an individual feels she
belongs to, and she believes it to be an integral part of who she is
Out-groups-a group someone does not belong to; often we may feel disdain or
competition in relationship to an out-group
reference group - ANSWER-a group that people compare themselves to
Structural Functionalism - ANSWER-People gives up some freedom when forming
groups to have needs met
social conflict - ANSWER-Groups involve power relations
Symbolic Interaction - ANSWER-Size of groups influenced the kinds of interaction
Post modern - ANSWER-A groups characterized by superficiality and depthness
Instrumental Leadership - ANSWER-task oriented
Expressive - ANSWER-People Oriented
Democratic Leadership - ANSWER-member involvement
Laissez-Faire - ANSWER-Mainly let ppl function on their own
authortarian - ANSWER-like a dictator
Milgram's Obedience Study - ANSWER-An experiment in which Stanley Milgram
found that people will usually obey an authority, even if they might think what they
are doing is wrong.
ulitarian - ANSWER-Material reward for members corporation
Normative - ANSWER-Voluntary organizations, ties to personal morality
, Coercive - ANSWER-serving or intended to compel by force or authority
Bureaucracy - ANSWER--Complex multi-level administrative hierarchy
-Departmental specialization
-Strict division of authority
-Standard set of formal rules or operating procedures
Bureaucracy Cons - ANSWER-excessive rules, regulations, and paperwork; that
fosters interagency conflict; that tasks are duplicated by various agencies; that there
is too much waste and unchecked growth; and that there is a lack of accountability.
Bureaucracy Pros - ANSWER-1. Central authority in bureaucracy makes it effective
in organizing.
2. It supports the hiring of specialized officials.
3. It allows for merit-based hiring and promotion.
Robert Merton: Strain Theory - ANSWER-access to socially acceptable goals plays a
part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates.
Travis Hirschi: Control Theory - ANSWER-social control is directly affected by the
strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection
from society
Social control - ANSWER-The regulation and enforcement of norms
Branches of the U.S. Criminal Justice System - ANSWER-The court system and
accompanying lawyers - Uphold the law and determine if charges are justified.
The corrections department - Prevents future crime by punishing and rehabilitating
offenders.
Law enforcement agencies - Enforce the law at the local and federal level.
secondary deviance (labeling theory) - ANSWER-subsequent acts of rule breaking
that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new, deviant label, the
stigma attached to it and people's expectations of you
Primary deviance - ANSWER-the first act of rule breaking that may incur a label of
"deviant" and thus influence how people think about and act toward you
Differential Association Theory - ANSWER-a theory that states individuals learn
deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities
for deviance
issue in studying global social inequality - ANSWER-Social inequality is relative and
therefore difficult to compare across countries
social inequality - ANSWER-the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige
among members of a society
