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FLUOROSCOPY AAPA EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS NEWEST UPDATE
Gray - -The SI unit of the absorbed dose is the:
Relative biological effectiveness - -Is a term used to compare the effects of radiation on
living systems:
80% - -What percentage of a cell is water?
Tunica Fibrosa - -What is the protective layer of the eyeball, or globe?
The lubricating effects of blinking - -What is an orbital defense against infection?
1-2 weeks - -Older, damaged cells of the corneal epithelium are shed from the eye
during blinking or tearing. The cells is this layer are repopulated how often?
1. Fiber cells contain more cholesterol than any other than any other cell in the human
body.
2. Fiber cells produce crystallin, a protein that helps determine how well the lens
refracts light.
3. The loss of fiber cells contributes to the formation of cataracts. - -What 3 things are
true about the fiber cells of the lens?
Neuron ganglia - -Which structures trigger aversion reflexes when potentially dangerous
intense light hits the retina?
Photoreceptor Transduction - -What is the process by which rod and cone cells
transform light energy into nerve impulses?
What are characteristics of deterministic radiation effects? - -1. The severity of damage
to tissue is dose dependent.
2. A dose threshold exists such that the probability of damage from low doses is
negligible.
True - -True or false: radiation-induced cataracts can result from a single high dose or
from chronic low-dose exposure of the lens, which is why occupational exposures over
time represent a major concern for fluoroscopy operators.
Linear no-threshold - -The as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is based
on what model?
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10 - -Children are up to how many times more sensitive to tissue and DNA damage
from ionizing radiation than are adults?
5% per Sv - -The risk of any radiation-induced cancer from a single fluoroscopic exam is
what percent per Sv?
Sebaceous Carcinoma - -According to the article, which cancer of the eyelid has been
linked to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet sunlight?
Keratitis - -What is another name for corneal ulcers?
False - -True or false: a single well-defined lower dose threshold has been established
for radiation cataracts.
20 mSv - -According to the International Commision on Radiological Protection, the
annual limit for occupational exposure to the eye lens is how many mSv?
1.3 to 2 Gy - -Based on studies of atomic bomb survivors published in the 1960s,
experts believe that radiation cataract formation requires a single dose of 1.3Gy to
what?
Procedures are more complex and time consuming - -Why have radiation doses and
reports of significant tissue injury from interventional fluoroscopy procedures increased
over the last two decades?
1. Duration
2. Distance
3. Protection - -What 3 principles are used to manage radiation exposure to patients
and healthcare personnel?
Kerma-area product (KAP) - -With respect to fluoroscopic dosimeter, which
measurement is calculated as the air kerma across the x-ray beam and is used as a
proxy for patient dose?
22% - -Switching from continuous fluoroscopy mode to pulsed mode of 15 pulses per
secon can reduce the radiation dose by how many percent?
1. Peak skin dose exceeds 3,000 mGy
2. Reference point air kerma exceeds 5,000 mGy
3. Kerma area product exceeds 500 Gy x cm2
4.Fluoroscopic procedure duration exceeds 1 hour - -Patients should be monitored for
radiation injury if any one of the following sentinel events occurs?
Bystander effects - -Radiation can cause what kind of complex cellular effects in which
the exposure of a given cell population affects radio sensitivity of other cells?
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Patients who are likely to receive a radiation dose to the lens, thyroid breast or
reproductive organs and who are pregnant, who have small or very large body masses
(body weight <10kg or >135 kg) or who are children, adolescents, or young adults are at
greater risk, particularly from high-dose procedures. - -Which characteristics can affect
the risk of radiation injury to the eyes, particularly from high dose procedures?
Tunica Vasculosa - -The Uvea-the middle layer of the eye orb. This layer contains the
eye's vasculature, as well as its pigmented iris.
Tunica Nervosa - -The innermost primary layer of the eye, named for the optic nerve
and the fact that it originates as an outgrowth of the developing fetal brain
The scapular and subscapular areas, the right lateral trunk below the axilla, the midback
and the right anterolateral chest - -Where are the most common locations of
fluoroscopy-associated radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures?
1. kVp
2. mA
3. Pulse Width - -Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate
entrance exposure at the image receptor that minimizes patient entrance dose?
70% - -Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm
copper filter reduces the dose by how many percent?
50% - -How much does a 0.2-mm copper filter reduce exposure?
Increases - -Three to five magnification modes usually are available on most image
intensifiers. What does the dose typically do with greater magnification?
15 times more - -Fluoroscopy operators should use the acquisition, or cine, mode
sparingly because about how many times more radiation per frame is needed to obtain
diagnostic quality images than the fluoroscopy mode?
1. They offer less image distortion
2. They have a wider dynamic range and better uniform contrast resolution over the
entire image
3. The equipment allows imaging staff to move patients easily and provides more space
for practitioners to maneuver
The cost is a drawback, however. They are much more expensive than image intensifier
systems - -What are the advantages of a flat-panel detector fluoroscopy system?
1. Last image hold
2. Gray-scale processing
AAPA
FLUOROSCOPY AAPA EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS NEWEST UPDATE
Gray - -The SI unit of the absorbed dose is the:
Relative biological effectiveness - -Is a term used to compare the effects of radiation on
living systems:
80% - -What percentage of a cell is water?
Tunica Fibrosa - -What is the protective layer of the eyeball, or globe?
The lubricating effects of blinking - -What is an orbital defense against infection?
1-2 weeks - -Older, damaged cells of the corneal epithelium are shed from the eye
during blinking or tearing. The cells is this layer are repopulated how often?
1. Fiber cells contain more cholesterol than any other than any other cell in the human
body.
2. Fiber cells produce crystallin, a protein that helps determine how well the lens
refracts light.
3. The loss of fiber cells contributes to the formation of cataracts. - -What 3 things are
true about the fiber cells of the lens?
Neuron ganglia - -Which structures trigger aversion reflexes when potentially dangerous
intense light hits the retina?
Photoreceptor Transduction - -What is the process by which rod and cone cells
transform light energy into nerve impulses?
What are characteristics of deterministic radiation effects? - -1. The severity of damage
to tissue is dose dependent.
2. A dose threshold exists such that the probability of damage from low doses is
negligible.
True - -True or false: radiation-induced cataracts can result from a single high dose or
from chronic low-dose exposure of the lens, which is why occupational exposures over
time represent a major concern for fluoroscopy operators.
Linear no-threshold - -The as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is based
on what model?
AAPA
,AAPA
10 - -Children are up to how many times more sensitive to tissue and DNA damage
from ionizing radiation than are adults?
5% per Sv - -The risk of any radiation-induced cancer from a single fluoroscopic exam is
what percent per Sv?
Sebaceous Carcinoma - -According to the article, which cancer of the eyelid has been
linked to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet sunlight?
Keratitis - -What is another name for corneal ulcers?
False - -True or false: a single well-defined lower dose threshold has been established
for radiation cataracts.
20 mSv - -According to the International Commision on Radiological Protection, the
annual limit for occupational exposure to the eye lens is how many mSv?
1.3 to 2 Gy - -Based on studies of atomic bomb survivors published in the 1960s,
experts believe that radiation cataract formation requires a single dose of 1.3Gy to
what?
Procedures are more complex and time consuming - -Why have radiation doses and
reports of significant tissue injury from interventional fluoroscopy procedures increased
over the last two decades?
1. Duration
2. Distance
3. Protection - -What 3 principles are used to manage radiation exposure to patients
and healthcare personnel?
Kerma-area product (KAP) - -With respect to fluoroscopic dosimeter, which
measurement is calculated as the air kerma across the x-ray beam and is used as a
proxy for patient dose?
22% - -Switching from continuous fluoroscopy mode to pulsed mode of 15 pulses per
secon can reduce the radiation dose by how many percent?
1. Peak skin dose exceeds 3,000 mGy
2. Reference point air kerma exceeds 5,000 mGy
3. Kerma area product exceeds 500 Gy x cm2
4.Fluoroscopic procedure duration exceeds 1 hour - -Patients should be monitored for
radiation injury if any one of the following sentinel events occurs?
Bystander effects - -Radiation can cause what kind of complex cellular effects in which
the exposure of a given cell population affects radio sensitivity of other cells?
AAPA
, AAPA
Patients who are likely to receive a radiation dose to the lens, thyroid breast or
reproductive organs and who are pregnant, who have small or very large body masses
(body weight <10kg or >135 kg) or who are children, adolescents, or young adults are at
greater risk, particularly from high-dose procedures. - -Which characteristics can affect
the risk of radiation injury to the eyes, particularly from high dose procedures?
Tunica Vasculosa - -The Uvea-the middle layer of the eye orb. This layer contains the
eye's vasculature, as well as its pigmented iris.
Tunica Nervosa - -The innermost primary layer of the eye, named for the optic nerve
and the fact that it originates as an outgrowth of the developing fetal brain
The scapular and subscapular areas, the right lateral trunk below the axilla, the midback
and the right anterolateral chest - -Where are the most common locations of
fluoroscopy-associated radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures?
1. kVp
2. mA
3. Pulse Width - -Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate
entrance exposure at the image receptor that minimizes patient entrance dose?
70% - -Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm
copper filter reduces the dose by how many percent?
50% - -How much does a 0.2-mm copper filter reduce exposure?
Increases - -Three to five magnification modes usually are available on most image
intensifiers. What does the dose typically do with greater magnification?
15 times more - -Fluoroscopy operators should use the acquisition, or cine, mode
sparingly because about how many times more radiation per frame is needed to obtain
diagnostic quality images than the fluoroscopy mode?
1. They offer less image distortion
2. They have a wider dynamic range and better uniform contrast resolution over the
entire image
3. The equipment allows imaging staff to move patients easily and provides more space
for practitioners to maneuver
The cost is a drawback, however. They are much more expensive than image intensifier
systems - -What are the advantages of a flat-panel detector fluoroscopy system?
1. Last image hold
2. Gray-scale processing
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