NR565 VERIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cognitive-behavioral therapy
-focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively and functionally to their
environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral
problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through
his research on depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory
-Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and
external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT
-treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
,• severe mental illness
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include:
-way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self & the world determines how the
ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality
of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT
-using a structured, collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate
cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI)
-helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use
disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI
, -reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles
-acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist
represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS
Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide
opportunities for the client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
cognitive-behavioral therapy
-focus on how well individuals can adapt cognitively and functionally to their
environments
-short-term, structured, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy
-stresses necessity of challenging maladaptive thoughts that lead to behavioral
problems
-first emerged in 1955
-most widely practiced psychotherapy
-help clients recognize and address cognitive distortions
• by Albert Ellis, widely known as the grandfather of cognitive behavior therapy
-Beck
• originally trained in psychoanalysis, pioneered cognitive therapy in the 1960s, through
his research on depression
• also developed the popular Depression Inventory instrument
CBT Relationship to Nursing Theory
-Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory
• provides a framework to view CBT as a supportive intervention
• fosters effective self-care behaviors
-Roy's Adaptation Theory
• premise that individuals use coping mechanisms to adapt to stimuli, both internal and
external
• share underpinnings with CBT.
Indications for CBT
-treatment of a wide range of diagnoses
• depression
• anxiety disorders
• substance use disorders
• eating disorders
,• severe mental illness
• PTSD
Principles of CBT include:
-way an ind cognitively structures thoughts about self & the world determines how the
ind feels & behaves
-Dysfunctional thoughts are rooted in irrational assumptions
-Dysfunctional thinking and learned patterns of maladaptive behavior contribute to
psychological problems
-Ind's can learn more adaptive behaviors which can relieve symptoms & improve quality
of life
-CBT is (+) & stresses collaboration & active participation
-CBT includes action plans in the form of therapy homework
Role of the Psychotherapist in CBT
-using a structured, collaborative approach to help clients recognize and reevaluate
cognitive distortions
-help clients:
• better understand the behaviors of others
• develop improved coping skills
-Psychoeducation
-Homework
• to help clients reinforce & build on what was learned during the therapy session
motivational interviewing (MI)
-helps individuals prepare for change
-person-centered, evidence-based approach to behavior change
-using a collaborative, goal-oriented communication style
-empowers clients to draw on their meanings & capacities to facilitate change
• addressing issues with ambivalence and resistance
-grew out of William R. Miller's clinical practice working with clients with substance use
disorders in the 1980s
• collaborated with Stephen Rollnick to write book: Motivational interviewing
Indications for MI
, -reduction of substance use and health promotion
-improving medication adherence in clients with schizophrenia
MI Guiding Principles
-acceptance
-empathy
-compassion
-respect of client autonomy
-acknowledgment of the client's strengths & efforts
-Spirit of MI
• Partnership, compassion, acceptance, evocation
MI Role of the Psychotherapist
represented by the mnemonic RULE:
Resist the righting reflex
Understand the patient's motivation
Listen to the patient
Empower the patient
OARS
Communication skills for MI:
-Open questions
• cannot be answered with a yes or no, require elaboration
-Affirming
• provide encouragement, are (+) comments on a client's strengths or efforts
-Reflecting
• mirror the content or feelings explicitly or implicitly stated by the client
• convey empathy, demonstrate listening, highlight emotions & beliefs, • provide
opportunities for the client to elaborate on their concerns
• empower clients to take control of the conversation
• recommended to use at least two reflections for every question
