NR 547 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Apraxia
Inability to perform tasks despite understanding them.
Agnosia
Inability to recognize OBJECTS or interpret sensory information.
Neurocognitive Deficits
Impairments in cognitive functions like memory and reasoning.
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Medications that increase acetylcholine levels in the brain.
Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer's treatment.
Vascular Dementia
Dementia caused by ischemic brain damage from strokes.
2nd most common type of dementia
Series of stepwise decrease. Each drop means another ischemic event
Treatment: Address risk factors for stroke
Lewy Body Dementia
Dementia characterized by visual hallucinations and cognitive deficits.
3rd type of common dementia
Alpha synuclein
Visual hallucinations (hallmark)= VISUAL HAL LEWY-CINATIONS
Cognitive deficits
Neuroleptic sensitivity -DO NOT GIVE ANTIPSYCHOTICS
REM sleep behavior disorder (hallmark) act out their dreams )
Timing; after 50 and is more rapid and common in months rather then years
Unstable
Parkinsonism (tremor , rigidity, slow movement, postural instability )
Hallucinations (cardinal sx)
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Acting out dreams, common in Lewy Body Dementia.
Frontotemporal Dementia
, Degeneration affecting frontal and temporal brain regions.
"OH DEAR"
Obliviousness (impairmNT is not involved. ent in social interaction )
Hyperorality (putting things into their mouth i.e sweets, inedible objects)
Disinhibition (can be hypersexual, grabbing body parts )
Executive dysfunction (unable to engage in complex planning
Apathy (don't care about what's going on around them )
Repetitive behavior
Begins at age 45 to 65. Men usually more affected
Treatment is sx rather then curative. Cholinesterase inhibitors are not warranted. SSRIs
may help
Hyperorality
Compulsive eating or putting objects in the mouth.
Disinhibition
Loss of social restraint, leading to inappropriate behaviors.
MoCA Components
Includes visuospatial, naming, memory, attention, and language tasks.
MoCA Scoring Guide
Scores indicate cognitive status: normal to severe dementia.
Executive Functions
Cognitive processes for planning and decision-making.
Visuospatial Skills
Understanding spatial relationships and visual information.
Atypical Case
Rapid onset dementia requiring thorough examination.
New-Onset Dementia Workup
Comprehensive evaluation including medical and cognitive tests.
Donepezil is used to treat ?
Once daily medication for Alzheimer's treatment.
CAM
Confusion Assessment Method for delirium diagnosis.
Apraxia
Inability to perform tasks despite understanding them.
Agnosia
Inability to recognize OBJECTS or interpret sensory information.
Neurocognitive Deficits
Impairments in cognitive functions like memory and reasoning.
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Medications that increase acetylcholine levels in the brain.
Memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist used in Alzheimer's treatment.
Vascular Dementia
Dementia caused by ischemic brain damage from strokes.
2nd most common type of dementia
Series of stepwise decrease. Each drop means another ischemic event
Treatment: Address risk factors for stroke
Lewy Body Dementia
Dementia characterized by visual hallucinations and cognitive deficits.
3rd type of common dementia
Alpha synuclein
Visual hallucinations (hallmark)= VISUAL HAL LEWY-CINATIONS
Cognitive deficits
Neuroleptic sensitivity -DO NOT GIVE ANTIPSYCHOTICS
REM sleep behavior disorder (hallmark) act out their dreams )
Timing; after 50 and is more rapid and common in months rather then years
Unstable
Parkinsonism (tremor , rigidity, slow movement, postural instability )
Hallucinations (cardinal sx)
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Acting out dreams, common in Lewy Body Dementia.
Frontotemporal Dementia
, Degeneration affecting frontal and temporal brain regions.
"OH DEAR"
Obliviousness (impairmNT is not involved. ent in social interaction )
Hyperorality (putting things into their mouth i.e sweets, inedible objects)
Disinhibition (can be hypersexual, grabbing body parts )
Executive dysfunction (unable to engage in complex planning
Apathy (don't care about what's going on around them )
Repetitive behavior
Begins at age 45 to 65. Men usually more affected
Treatment is sx rather then curative. Cholinesterase inhibitors are not warranted. SSRIs
may help
Hyperorality
Compulsive eating or putting objects in the mouth.
Disinhibition
Loss of social restraint, leading to inappropriate behaviors.
MoCA Components
Includes visuospatial, naming, memory, attention, and language tasks.
MoCA Scoring Guide
Scores indicate cognitive status: normal to severe dementia.
Executive Functions
Cognitive processes for planning and decision-making.
Visuospatial Skills
Understanding spatial relationships and visual information.
Atypical Case
Rapid onset dementia requiring thorough examination.
New-Onset Dementia Workup
Comprehensive evaluation including medical and cognitive tests.
Donepezil is used to treat ?
Once daily medication for Alzheimer's treatment.
CAM
Confusion Assessment Method for delirium diagnosis.
