NR 547 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
CIWA
The CIWA scale is commonly used to assess the severity of alcohol withdrawal. Higher
scores on the CIWA scale indicate a need for more intensive medical intervention.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
A condition caused by thiamine deficiency, leading to confusion, memory loss, and
coordination problems.
Cerebellar atrophy
A loss of coordination and balance.
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve damage leading to numbness, pain, and muscle weakness.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Alcohol
Symptoms include tremors, anxiety, sweating, nausea, and in severe cases, seizures
and delirium tremens.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Opioids
Symptoms include yawning, runny nose, sweating, muscle aches, irritability, and
anxiety. Severe withdrawal can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Amphetamines
Symptoms include fatigue, depression, increased appetite, and vivid dreams or
nightmares. In severe cases, it can include agitation, psychosis, and suicidal thoughts.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Barbiturates
Withdrawal may lead to anxiety, tremors, confusion, seizures, and hallucinations. It can
be life-threatening.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Stimulants
Symptoms include fatigue, depression, anxiety, increased appetite, vivid dreams, and
cravings.
Substance Use Disorder : Mild
2-3 criteria are met. Symptoms are manageable and may cause minor impairment in
life.
Substance Use Disorder: Moderate
4-5 criteria are met. Symptoms cause significant impairment or distress.
, Substance Use Disorder: Severe
6 or more criteria are met. There is substantial impairment in functioning, often requiring
intensive treatment.
Cannabis-induced Anxiety Disorder
Cannabis use can trigger anxiety symptoms, particularly in vulnerable individuals.
Cannabis Use Disorder
Characterized by the problematic use of cannabis leading to social, occupational, or
legal problems, as well as tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Cannabis Intoxication
Acute symptoms of euphoria, altered perception, motor impairment, and sometimes
paranoia, often within 2 hours of use.
Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder
In some cases, heavy use of cannabis may cause delusions, hallucinations, and
disorganized thinking.
Methadone
A long-acting opioid agonist used in opioid maintenance therapy to prevent withdrawal
symptoms and reduce cravings.
Buprenorphine
A partial opioid agonist that helps manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings while
minimizing the risk of misuse.
Naltrexone
An opioid antagonist that blocks the euphoric effects of opioids, helping individuals stay
opioid-free.
Addiction
A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use
despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain. It involves both
physical and psychological dependence on substances.
Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
A condition in which the use of a substance leads to clinically significant impairment or
distress. It includes patterns of substance use that cause problems in daily functioning.
The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria, e.g., tolerance, withdrawal, inability to cut down.
CIWA
The CIWA scale is commonly used to assess the severity of alcohol withdrawal. Higher
scores on the CIWA scale indicate a need for more intensive medical intervention.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
A condition caused by thiamine deficiency, leading to confusion, memory loss, and
coordination problems.
Cerebellar atrophy
A loss of coordination and balance.
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve damage leading to numbness, pain, and muscle weakness.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Alcohol
Symptoms include tremors, anxiety, sweating, nausea, and in severe cases, seizures
and delirium tremens.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Opioids
Symptoms include yawning, runny nose, sweating, muscle aches, irritability, and
anxiety. Severe withdrawal can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Amphetamines
Symptoms include fatigue, depression, increased appetite, and vivid dreams or
nightmares. In severe cases, it can include agitation, psychosis, and suicidal thoughts.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Barbiturates
Withdrawal may lead to anxiety, tremors, confusion, seizures, and hallucinations. It can
be life-threatening.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Stimulants
Symptoms include fatigue, depression, anxiety, increased appetite, vivid dreams, and
cravings.
Substance Use Disorder : Mild
2-3 criteria are met. Symptoms are manageable and may cause minor impairment in
life.
Substance Use Disorder: Moderate
4-5 criteria are met. Symptoms cause significant impairment or distress.
, Substance Use Disorder: Severe
6 or more criteria are met. There is substantial impairment in functioning, often requiring
intensive treatment.
Cannabis-induced Anxiety Disorder
Cannabis use can trigger anxiety symptoms, particularly in vulnerable individuals.
Cannabis Use Disorder
Characterized by the problematic use of cannabis leading to social, occupational, or
legal problems, as well as tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Cannabis Intoxication
Acute symptoms of euphoria, altered perception, motor impairment, and sometimes
paranoia, often within 2 hours of use.
Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder
In some cases, heavy use of cannabis may cause delusions, hallucinations, and
disorganized thinking.
Methadone
A long-acting opioid agonist used in opioid maintenance therapy to prevent withdrawal
symptoms and reduce cravings.
Buprenorphine
A partial opioid agonist that helps manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings while
minimizing the risk of misuse.
Naltrexone
An opioid antagonist that blocks the euphoric effects of opioids, helping individuals stay
opioid-free.
Addiction
A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use
despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain. It involves both
physical and psychological dependence on substances.
Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
A condition in which the use of a substance leads to clinically significant impairment or
distress. It includes patterns of substance use that cause problems in daily functioning.
The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria, e.g., tolerance, withdrawal, inability to cut down.
