PSYC 3230 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Distinction btw abuse & dependence in DSM-IV - ANSWER Abuse is a more mild
impairment. Dependence includes impairment & dyscontrol & is more severe.
What are severity dimensions in SUD? - ANSWER Mild (2-3), moderate (4-5), severe (6+)
What do depressants do? - ANSWER Result in behavioral sedation
What do stimulants do? - ANSWER Increase alertness & elevate mood
What do opiates do? - ANSWER Mainly produce analgesia (absence of pain) & euphoria
(intense happiness/pleasure)
What do hallucinogens do? - ANSWER Alter sensory perception
How is alcohol different from the other depressants? - ANSWER Initially feels like
stimulant bc it slows down inhibitory centers; Also more complex by inhibited several NT
systems (GABA, glutamate, serotonin)
Nature of drugs in depressant class and issue? - ANSWER Sedatives are calming and
include barbiturates but a v addictive and lethal at high doses. Hypnotics are sleep
inducing. Anxiolytic are anxiety reducers & ex is benzodiazepines. NONE should be
taken on long-term, day to day basis
Effects of other depressants with alcohol? - ANSWER Combining such drugs with
alcohol is synergistic (2 + 2 = 7)
What NT do all depressants influence? - ANSWER GABA NT system - reduces arousal
What drugs are considered stimulants? - ANSWER Includes amphetamines, cocaine,
caffeine, and nictoine
Special info abt amphetamines? - ANSWER Lab made, effects followed by
fatigue/depression, stimulate CNS through enhancing norepinephrine & dopamine
Cocaine NT and addiction info? - ANSWER Blocks reuptake of dopamine; Highly
addictive but addiction develops slowly
What NT does nicotine impact & what does it do differently in impact & withdrawal? -
ANSWER Nicotine enhances nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; Results in relaxation,
wellness, & pleasure through diminishing negative affect; Ppl addicted are almost
always experiencing withdrawal if not using (negative reinforcment)
What NT does caffeine impact? - ANSWER Blocks reuptake of NT adenosine
, Difference btw opiate & opioids? - ANSWER Opiate is a narcotic-like chemical in the
opium poppy, while opioids are substance that produces narcotic effects
Examples & effects of opioids? - ANSWER Heroin, opium, codeine, morphine; It
activate's bodies endorphins & produces euphoria, drowsiness, & slow breathing in low
doses
Mortality rates of opioids? - ANSWER Rates high for death of opioid addicts via
overdose, suicide, & homicide; 1.6 million had opioid use disorder in last 12 months &
48k deaths from it in 12 months
Examples of hallucinogens? - ANSWER LSD, mushrooms, MDMA (esctacy/molly),
ketamine
What NT & rates of substance use disorder for hallucinogens? - ANSWER Appears to
disrupt serotonin functioning; Least common with high rates of recovery - rare among
older adults
Special disorder relating to hallucinogens? - ANSWER Hallucination Persisting
Perception Disorder: after stop of use, re-experience sensory symptoms associated
causing distress/impairment
How does cannabis disorder develop & how is it different for ppl? - ANSWER Tends to
develop slowly over time, besides maybe in youth; Reactions appear to be quite
individual
Evidence of heavy use of cannabis impact & syndrome associated? - ANSWER May be
some evidence heavy use as an adolescent can lead to psychosis; Amotivational
syndrome found - individuals feel apathetic/unmotivated
Administration routes & time to reach brain? - ANSWER •Inhaling 7 seconds
•Snorting 4 minutes
•Injection
-Intravenous 20 seconds
-Intramuscular 4 minutes
•Oral ingestion:
Passes through esophagus and
stomach into small intestines.
Absorbed into blood from there 30 minutes
Neurobiological research regarding dopamine in SUD? - ANSWER All drugs affect
pleasure or reward centers; Dopamine is key NT in the pleasure center (begins in
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Distinction btw abuse & dependence in DSM-IV - ANSWER Abuse is a more mild
impairment. Dependence includes impairment & dyscontrol & is more severe.
What are severity dimensions in SUD? - ANSWER Mild (2-3), moderate (4-5), severe (6+)
What do depressants do? - ANSWER Result in behavioral sedation
What do stimulants do? - ANSWER Increase alertness & elevate mood
What do opiates do? - ANSWER Mainly produce analgesia (absence of pain) & euphoria
(intense happiness/pleasure)
What do hallucinogens do? - ANSWER Alter sensory perception
How is alcohol different from the other depressants? - ANSWER Initially feels like
stimulant bc it slows down inhibitory centers; Also more complex by inhibited several NT
systems (GABA, glutamate, serotonin)
Nature of drugs in depressant class and issue? - ANSWER Sedatives are calming and
include barbiturates but a v addictive and lethal at high doses. Hypnotics are sleep
inducing. Anxiolytic are anxiety reducers & ex is benzodiazepines. NONE should be
taken on long-term, day to day basis
Effects of other depressants with alcohol? - ANSWER Combining such drugs with
alcohol is synergistic (2 + 2 = 7)
What NT do all depressants influence? - ANSWER GABA NT system - reduces arousal
What drugs are considered stimulants? - ANSWER Includes amphetamines, cocaine,
caffeine, and nictoine
Special info abt amphetamines? - ANSWER Lab made, effects followed by
fatigue/depression, stimulate CNS through enhancing norepinephrine & dopamine
Cocaine NT and addiction info? - ANSWER Blocks reuptake of dopamine; Highly
addictive but addiction develops slowly
What NT does nicotine impact & what does it do differently in impact & withdrawal? -
ANSWER Nicotine enhances nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; Results in relaxation,
wellness, & pleasure through diminishing negative affect; Ppl addicted are almost
always experiencing withdrawal if not using (negative reinforcment)
What NT does caffeine impact? - ANSWER Blocks reuptake of NT adenosine
, Difference btw opiate & opioids? - ANSWER Opiate is a narcotic-like chemical in the
opium poppy, while opioids are substance that produces narcotic effects
Examples & effects of opioids? - ANSWER Heroin, opium, codeine, morphine; It
activate's bodies endorphins & produces euphoria, drowsiness, & slow breathing in low
doses
Mortality rates of opioids? - ANSWER Rates high for death of opioid addicts via
overdose, suicide, & homicide; 1.6 million had opioid use disorder in last 12 months &
48k deaths from it in 12 months
Examples of hallucinogens? - ANSWER LSD, mushrooms, MDMA (esctacy/molly),
ketamine
What NT & rates of substance use disorder for hallucinogens? - ANSWER Appears to
disrupt serotonin functioning; Least common with high rates of recovery - rare among
older adults
Special disorder relating to hallucinogens? - ANSWER Hallucination Persisting
Perception Disorder: after stop of use, re-experience sensory symptoms associated
causing distress/impairment
How does cannabis disorder develop & how is it different for ppl? - ANSWER Tends to
develop slowly over time, besides maybe in youth; Reactions appear to be quite
individual
Evidence of heavy use of cannabis impact & syndrome associated? - ANSWER May be
some evidence heavy use as an adolescent can lead to psychosis; Amotivational
syndrome found - individuals feel apathetic/unmotivated
Administration routes & time to reach brain? - ANSWER •Inhaling 7 seconds
•Snorting 4 minutes
•Injection
-Intravenous 20 seconds
-Intramuscular 4 minutes
•Oral ingestion:
Passes through esophagus and
stomach into small intestines.
Absorbed into blood from there 30 minutes
Neurobiological research regarding dopamine in SUD? - ANSWER All drugs affect
pleasure or reward centers; Dopamine is key NT in the pleasure center (begins in
