PSY 324 Final!! Compete Solutions 100% Verified Answers Graded A+.

Milkie and Warner (2011) showed that children being taught in negative environments have more learning, externalizing, interpersonal and internalizing problems. In this study, negative environments were characterized as classrooms _________________ and with teachers who ______________. - correct answer with few material resources; are disrespected by colleagues Parents can advance children s understanding of the mind and emotions by talking about the mind at a more advanced level than the child s independent ability. In this way parents can deepen their children s emotional understanding. This is called - correct answer scaffolding The hostile attribution bias is a tendency demonstrated by __________ who ___________. - correct answer angry people; see the ambiguous actions of a stranger as antagonistic Reflective functioning (Fonagy et al., 1991, 1995) is - correct answer the ability for a parent to consider their own internal mental experiences (for instance, childhood memories) and to use those experiences to create both a physica and psychological experience of comfort and safety for their child Strong emotions can tip us over into a new way of being. Oatley and Djikic (2002) argued that ___________ are most likely to cause the polyhedron of personality to tip onto a new face. - correct answer personal events, events tied to a significant relationship in one's life, large social upheavals In their experience and expression of emotions, parents teach children about which emotions are acceptable and how to express and regulate them. Which one of the following is not one of the three processes thought to be involved in this kind of observational learning of emotionality? Goal emulation, modeling, social referencing, emotion contagion - correct answer goal emulation Parental responsiveness and parental sensitivity are said to be high in a mother who is - correct answer good at identifying her child's emotions and responds appropriately to them There appear to be cultural differences in parents discourse on emotions. For example, when discussing the emotion of sadness with their children, Chinese mothers tend to emphasize - correct answer the behaviors and actions that the child might make when experiencing this emotions According to Kenny's social relations model an individual's actor effect is the extent to which - correct answer he or she expresses the same emotions to different family members According to Kenny s social relations model an individual s partner effect is the extent to which - correct answer his or her emotional expressions elicit the same emotional responses from different family members How does marital conflict relate to behavior problems in children? - correct answer marital conflict, when it is constructive, can actually aid children's social adjustment Are attachment styles genetic? Investigators have used twin studies to address this question. These studies have led to the conclusion that - correct answer attachment style is influenced by environmental conditions more than genes, genes have very little influence on attachment Research has revealed that several factors help romantic partners stay committed and close. These include all BUT which one of the following? - correct answer commitment is promoted when the partners in a relationship maintain somewhat independent lives Which one of the following is true about emotional intelligence? - correct answer using one's emotions to make decisions is a key skill underlying emotional intelligence McCullough and Emmons (2001) contend that gratitude is the glue of cooperative social living among non-kin because gratitude because it - correct answer helps people keep track of which friends are generous and which friends are not, encourages prosocial behavior, acts as a reward and reinforces cooperation Possessing high-power predicts that an individual will ________, relative to an individual with low-power. - correct answer enjoy greater access to resources, experience greater positive emotion in pleasant situations, be less accurate when asked to judge the type of emotion expressed by another person Infrahumanization is the tendency for in-group members to - correct answer attribute animal like qualities to out group members DeSteno and colleagues (2006, 2010) had participants engage in studies in which, out of the blue, they were helped by a confederate (to fix a computer problem). Being the recipient of generosity led participants to feel _________________ and demonstrate generosity towards__________________. - correct answer gratitude; their benefactor and a stranger A Duchenne smile is a - correct answer genuine smile, closely tied to the experience of emotion Romantic love is founded jointly on the social motivations of attachment and affiliation. With attachment comes - correct answer trustfulness and protection Anger directed at an out-group is more likely when the members of an in-group feel - correct answer that the in group is strong and that the out group is weak and a high level of identification with peers within their group Emotional intelligence benefits which of the following types of relationships? - correct answer intimate bonds, friendships, hierarchical relations Romantic love is founded jointly on the social motivations of attachment and affiliation. With affiliation comes - correct answer the ability for cooperation in joint projects Leonard Berkowitz (1993) has devoted a career to studying the proximal determinants of violence. His conclusion is that ____________ is the spark of violence. - correct answer anger Parents who are classified as dismissive display a bias when they encounter infants who are expressing negative emotions. Specifically, these parents are likely to - correct answer experience a negative physiological response to negative infant emotion. evaluate an infant s negative emotional expressions as aversive and threatening. experience a fear of being rejected by the infant, a negative emotion stemming from their own attachment history. Observing infants in the strange situation paradigm and then coding their affective profiles reveals that each attachment style has a fairly specific pattern of emotional expression. Which one of the following statements accurately reflects this link between attachment style and emotional expressivity in infants? - correct answer Ambivalent infants show negative emotions more often than avoidant infants A longitudinal study in Germany by Asendorpf, Denissen and van Aken (2008) followed children aged 4 to 6 years old until they were 23. Researchers were interested in whether childhood emotionality translates to adulthood and how it may impact an individual s relationship and occupational status in adulthood. The key finding from this study suggests that emotionality in childhood - correct answer predicts how long it will take an individual to enter into their first stable romantic relationship as an adult as well as how long it will take them to find their first full-time job Bowlby theorized that children s emotional interactions with caregivers lead them to build an internal working model of relationships. This is a mental model, or set of beliefs, of what to expect in - correct answer intimate relationships Izard (1971, 1977) refers to individual differences in emotion as - correct answer affective-cognitive structures. Japanese and American infants respond to the emotional expressions of their parents in dramatically different ways. Miyake et al. (1986) showed interesting toys to American and Japanese infants of 11 months, pairing each toy with the mother s voice expressing joy, anger, or fear. Miyake et al. (1986) reported that - correct answer Japanese infants moved significantly more slowly towards the toys than American infants after the sound of their mothers angry voices. A cultural approach to emotions - correct answer assumes that emotions derive from human meanings The emotion amae is - correct answer a familial emotion as well as an emotion that might be felt by the partners in a romantic relationship. East Asians are guided in their knowledge and thought by all but which one of the following principles? - correct answer comparison Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Romantic scholar who felt that emotions - correct answer are valuable The psychotherapeutic approach assumes which of the following to be true? - correct answer The emotional life of adulthood derives from relationships we had in childhood with parents or other caregivers. Rodrigues-Mosquera and her colleagues have documented that in cultures that prioritize concerns over honor, emotions such as ____________ are more focal. - correct answer shame and anger Experience sampling studies have found that - correct answer when beeped electronically and asked to report on their current emotions, students from Eastern cultures report more complex emotional experiences than Western students. Greek doctors such as Hippocrates and Galen thought that disease was caused by an imbalance among the humors, with an increase of each humor giving rise to a distinct emotional state. Hope and vigor were thought to derive from an excess of - correct answer blood Mauss and colleagues (2010) had Asian American and European American college students do a highly stressful task. While they carried out this frustrating task, a rude experimenter interrupted the participant several times, and commented on the participant s mistakes and disappointing progress no doubt a frustration to the participant. The results from Mauss and colleagues stud