PSY 324 Quiz 1Assessment Questions And Answers Verified Solutions.

What is an emotion? - correct answer -Meaningful commonalities -inferred complex reactions -geared toward specific behaviors -appraisals -reaction to stimuli -gives urgency to a concern, and orients to specific action Charles Darwin - correct answer -Posited the evolutionary need for emotions: emotions are useful and adaptive -based on reflex-like mechanisms -some emotional reactions are vestibular -emotions link us to the past What did Darwin believe about the expression of fear? - correct answer According to Darwin, fear is expressed by way of changes in the somatic muscles, in the form of trembling due to fear or anxiety. William James - correct answer - Based on sensations from the muscle and internal organs, autonomic -James-Lange theory feeling aspect of an emotion is the perception of the body's actions Freud - correct answer - Emotions are core of many mental illnesses and emotion in the present -First to connect neurosis to emotional display -The past has great influence on present emotionality Aristotle - correct answer offered systematic analysis of emotions, experiences depend on our judgement -Epicureanism - correct answer based upon Epicurus: emotions are evaluations and depend upon beliefs Stoics - correct answer Drive all emotions out of our lives Rene Descartes - correct answer Mind and Body 6 fundamental emotions Emotions have origins from our souls Level of evaluation of emotions -our emotions are usually functional, but can sometimes be dysfunctional John Harlow - correct answer Treated Phineas Gage, frontal lobe damage, significant changes in personality and emotionality B.F. Skinner - correct answer "We all know that emotions are useless and bad for our peace of mind and our blood pressure" " Empathy and sympathy - correct answer Recent studies find that sympathy (compassion) activates different regions of the brain than empathy, including an old region of the brain (p. 21) Magda Arnold and Sylvan Tomkins - correct answer Appraisals Affect is the primary motivational system, emotions are amplifiers of drives (p.23) Erving Goffman - correct answer -Goffman introduced into social science the method of careful observation through a theoretical lens. His lens was his idea that life is a kind of drama, in which we take on roles. -Emotions are constructed within specific roles, Social roles Arlie Hochschild - correct answer -Feeling rules, rules that specify what emotions are appropriate to the context -Emotional labor Evolution - correct answer the theory of how species developed, has become the central concept of biology intersexual selection - correct answer Selection whereby individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of the other sex; also called mate choice. intrasexual selection - correct answer A direct competition among individuals of one sex (usually the males in vertebrates) for mates of the opposite sex. Social dimensions - correct answer hierarchy, attachment, affiliation, preferences towards one's group and hostility towards outgroups What separates us from our primate ancestry? - correct answer Patterns of Attachment Extended family group Alloparenting Reproductive relationships, monogamy Human hierarchies were shaped by leveling mechanisms, social emotional processes that preserve more egalitarian relations Patterns of affiliation in hunter-gatherers are defined by collaboration Instinctively favoring the in-group and having contempt for out-group Emotions as bases of human relationships - correct answer Ability to Cooperate Individual goals Joint goals Collective group goals Where was the first fossil found - correct answer About 200,000 years ago was the time of the common forbears of all living human beings, who lived in small seminomadic groups. The majority of this fossil evidence was found in Africa. How do high status chimpanzees spend their time? - correct answer High-status male chimpanzees spend a good part of their time breaking up the conflicts of lower-status chimps. Values - correct answer A system of ideas and practices that are held in common in a society. Jeanne tsai - correct answer Affect evaluation theory argues that emotions that promote cultural values are valued more, and therefore play a more prominent role in people's lives. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - correct answer The romantic era Charles darwin place of discovery - correct answer HMS beagle to the galapogos islands Click sounds language - correct answer South african language of Xhosa What distinctions began the evolution of today's humans - correct answer Researchers estimate the evolution of humans began approximately 7 million years ago with the separation of chimpanzee's from Hominins out of Africa. Where did jane goodall study? - correct answer Kasakela chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960