Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
1. we eradicated smallpox
2. antibiotics were now used
What led some people in the 1970s to
believe that we might be approaching the 3. vaccines were developed (childhood
end of infectious diseases? vaccine schedule)
4. sanitation and food safety at an all time
high
1. still a major cause of illness and death
2. can spread quickly
Why is it important to study infectious
3. are evolving resistance to treatments
diseases today?
4. studying them helps improve pre-
vention, treatments, and pandemic pre-
paredness.
1. immunocompromised
2. pregnant
What are some conditions that may
3. sick already
cause more susceptibility to disease?
4. very young
5. very old
1. vaccine hesitancy
2. misinformation
What are some factors that are believed
3. childhood vaccine rates declining
to contribute to the actual or perceived
reemergence and emergence of dis-
4. larger populations (excess crowding)
eases at the present time?
5. immunocompromised population high
6. access to healthcare
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
7. changes in climate
8. resistance to antibiotics
- these types of cases do not go to the
doctor (no diagnosis)
What is a subclinical infection?
- asymptomatic people
- no access to healthcare
How do subclinical infections affect mea- cause underreporting because infected
suring disease incidence and preva- people may not seek medical care or be
lence? counted
Undetected infections and differences in
Why is it hard to accurately measure who gets sick or dies can make mortality
mortality rates for infectious diseases? rates seem higher or lower than they re-
ally are
1. Endemic
What are the types of infectious disease
2. Epidemic
outbreaks?
3. Pandemic
A disease that is constantly present in
What is an endemic outbreak? a population or region at a steady rate
(expected number each year)
A sudden increase in cases of a disease
What is an epidemic outbreak? above what is normally expected in a
specific area
A worldwide spread of a new disease af-
What is a pandemic outbreak? fecting a large number of people across
countries or continents
1. Coagulation
What are the main steps in water treat-
2. Sedimentation
ment?
3. Filtration
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
4. Disinfection
What occurs during the screening this process catches things such as
process of water treatment? leaves or other large debris
Chemicals are added to water to cause
What occurs during flocculation/sedi-
particles to stick together and drop out of
mentation?
the water
passing water through a column of some
What occurs during filtration (rapid sand material (usually sand) to catch addition-
filtration) during water treatment? al flocculent (removes much of the re-
maining bacteria)
Why is chlorine normally used for disin- it is persistent and does not break down
fection in the water treatment process? easy
Chemicals like chlorine are added to kill
What happens during disinfection in wa-
harmful bacteria, viruses, and other mi-
ter treatment?
croorganisms
Cholera can be transmitted from food or
water so since most food comes into con-
Why are the lines often blurry between
tact with water due to it being washed
waterborne and foodborne diseases?
then contaminated water = contaminated
food
What are the vast majority of infections
asymptomatic or very mild infections
due to vibrio cholera?
What percentage of infections of vib-
rio cholera develop into severe cholera 10% - 15%
gravis?
What are the symptoms of cholera
severe uncontrollable watery diarrhea
gravis?
1. socioeconomic status
2. malnutrition
What are some factors that influence
someones risk of cholera?
3. age (young and old)
4. blood type (O)
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
5. genetics
6. personal hygiene
7. previous infections
1. it may not provide long-lasting protec-
tion
What are some concerns regarding the
vaccines for V. cholerae? 2. may be less effective in young children
3. often require multiple doses
1) Foodbourne
2) Wound
What are the types of botulism that were
3) Infant (honey)
discussed in class?
4) Adult intestinal toxemia (GI infection)
5) Iatrogenic (overdose of botox)
Why is home-canning a likely source for
C. botulinum contamination (compared
forms heat-resistant spores that can sur-
to other
vive improper canning processes
bacteria, why would it survive the can-
ning process)?
Intoxication--> Consume food containing
What is foodborne botulism? toxins (ex: canned foods, non-acidic veg-
etables, proteins
Localized infection (environmental)
--> Drug use is the most common reason
(needles)
What is wound botulism?
- Infant
-GI infection
- honey
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
1. we eradicated smallpox
2. antibiotics were now used
What led some people in the 1970s to
believe that we might be approaching the 3. vaccines were developed (childhood
end of infectious diseases? vaccine schedule)
4. sanitation and food safety at an all time
high
1. still a major cause of illness and death
2. can spread quickly
Why is it important to study infectious
3. are evolving resistance to treatments
diseases today?
4. studying them helps improve pre-
vention, treatments, and pandemic pre-
paredness.
1. immunocompromised
2. pregnant
What are some conditions that may
3. sick already
cause more susceptibility to disease?
4. very young
5. very old
1. vaccine hesitancy
2. misinformation
What are some factors that are believed
3. childhood vaccine rates declining
to contribute to the actual or perceived
reemergence and emergence of dis-
4. larger populations (excess crowding)
eases at the present time?
5. immunocompromised population high
6. access to healthcare
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
7. changes in climate
8. resistance to antibiotics
- these types of cases do not go to the
doctor (no diagnosis)
What is a subclinical infection?
- asymptomatic people
- no access to healthcare
How do subclinical infections affect mea- cause underreporting because infected
suring disease incidence and preva- people may not seek medical care or be
lence? counted
Undetected infections and differences in
Why is it hard to accurately measure who gets sick or dies can make mortality
mortality rates for infectious diseases? rates seem higher or lower than they re-
ally are
1. Endemic
What are the types of infectious disease
2. Epidemic
outbreaks?
3. Pandemic
A disease that is constantly present in
What is an endemic outbreak? a population or region at a steady rate
(expected number each year)
A sudden increase in cases of a disease
What is an epidemic outbreak? above what is normally expected in a
specific area
A worldwide spread of a new disease af-
What is a pandemic outbreak? fecting a large number of people across
countries or continents
1. Coagulation
What are the main steps in water treat-
2. Sedimentation
ment?
3. Filtration
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
4. Disinfection
What occurs during the screening this process catches things such as
process of water treatment? leaves or other large debris
Chemicals are added to water to cause
What occurs during flocculation/sedi-
particles to stick together and drop out of
mentation?
the water
passing water through a column of some
What occurs during filtration (rapid sand material (usually sand) to catch addition-
filtration) during water treatment? al flocculent (removes much of the re-
maining bacteria)
Why is chlorine normally used for disin- it is persistent and does not break down
fection in the water treatment process? easy
Chemicals like chlorine are added to kill
What happens during disinfection in wa-
harmful bacteria, viruses, and other mi-
ter treatment?
croorganisms
Cholera can be transmitted from food or
water so since most food comes into con-
Why are the lines often blurry between
tact with water due to it being washed
waterborne and foodborne diseases?
then contaminated water = contaminated
food
What are the vast majority of infections
asymptomatic or very mild infections
due to vibrio cholera?
What percentage of infections of vib-
rio cholera develop into severe cholera 10% - 15%
gravis?
What are the symptoms of cholera
severe uncontrollable watery diarrhea
gravis?
1. socioeconomic status
2. malnutrition
What are some factors that influence
someones risk of cholera?
3. age (young and old)
4. blood type (O)
, Micro 4000 - Cumulative Actual Final Exam Questions With
Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass!!
5. genetics
6. personal hygiene
7. previous infections
1. it may not provide long-lasting protec-
tion
What are some concerns regarding the
vaccines for V. cholerae? 2. may be less effective in young children
3. often require multiple doses
1) Foodbourne
2) Wound
What are the types of botulism that were
3) Infant (honey)
discussed in class?
4) Adult intestinal toxemia (GI infection)
5) Iatrogenic (overdose of botox)
Why is home-canning a likely source for
C. botulinum contamination (compared
forms heat-resistant spores that can sur-
to other
vive improper canning processes
bacteria, why would it survive the can-
ning process)?
Intoxication--> Consume food containing
What is foodborne botulism? toxins (ex: canned foods, non-acidic veg-
etables, proteins
Localized infection (environmental)
--> Drug use is the most common reason
(needles)
What is wound botulism?
- Infant
-GI infection
- honey
