EOSC 210 – UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA 2024 – FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
What are seismic gaps? - Answer-Seismic gaps are unusually quiet zones along known
active faults. Strain is being built up.
how can we predict earth quakes? - Answer-by identifying precursor events.\:
-foreshocks
-change in land shape near faults
-fluctuations in groundwater levels
-Fluctuation in magnetic and electrical resistance of the ground
-Radon gas
what is earthquake hazard and risks? - Answer-Hazard involves likelihood and
frequency of earthquakes. The capacity to cause damage.
Risk : consequences of the hazard. Risk= hazard x consequences
What are earthquake damage factors? - Answer-1. Magnitude (bigger) and duration
(longer)
2. Distance from the earthquakes focus (further away, less distruction)
3. Population desnity
4. time of the day
5. Geology of the affected area; stronger rocks types transmit more energy easiliy. For
surface waves, buildings on solid bedrock occurs less damage.
6. Ground amplification; unconsolidated rock and soil, increase amplitude and duration
of waves, more damage.
7. Type of building construction.
What are earthquake engineering techniques? - Answer-1.Bracing
2.Damping
3.isolation
type of earthquake damage? - Answer-1.ground motion
2. Liquefaction (loose solids behave as fluid mass)
3. Landslides
4. Tsunami
, How does Liquefaction form due to earthquake ? - Answer-innards where loose soils
are saturated with water earthquakes causes the water pressure to increase drastically.
The soil exhibits liquid behaviour. Liquefaction is rare to happen in bedrock.
how to mitigate liquefaction? - Answer-densifying poorly consolidated soil. refers to the
process of compacting or strengthening loose and poorly compacted soil. A heavy
weight is drop on the soil to compact it.
what are the 3 types types of compaction? - Answer-1. Dynamic: A heavy weight is drop
on the soil to compact it.
1. Compaction grouting: a low-mobility grout (a mixture of cement, water, and
sometimes additives) is injected into the soil under pressure. The injected grout
displaces and compacts the surrounding soil, filling voids and increasing.
2. Vibroflotation: use of a vibrating probe (vibroflot) that is inserted vertically into the soil.
The vibroflot vibrates, and as it is gradually withdrawn, the surrounding soil particles
rearrange, resulting in increased density.
How does landslide occur due to earthquake ? - Answer-Seismic activity can trigger
landslides by shaking the ground and destabilizing slopes. The shaking can reduce the
strength of soil or rock, making it more prone to sliding
what's a tsunami? - Answer-an underwater earthquake caused by the displacement of
the sea floor. Tsunami slows when it reaches lower depth of the ocean. Results to
flooding.
How to mitigate hazards? - Answer-Seismic hazard maps and risks maps help to
properly site and construct buildings.
- Determine seismic frequency
-Earthquake probability maps
-Mapping soil and geological conditions
Earthquake emergency planning? - Answer--Mitigation
-preparedness
-dister event
-relief
-rehabilotaion
-costruction
What is Rate of movement of landslides? - Answer-Landlside velocity scale and its
destructive significance (scale(slow) 1-7 (extremely rapit/destructive)).
What s landslide risk? - Answer-risk is a combination of the likelihood of landslide and
its consequence.
what causes an increase in the socio-economic impact? - Answer--Increasing
population density more impact/death
COLUMBIA 2024 – FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
What are seismic gaps? - Answer-Seismic gaps are unusually quiet zones along known
active faults. Strain is being built up.
how can we predict earth quakes? - Answer-by identifying precursor events.\:
-foreshocks
-change in land shape near faults
-fluctuations in groundwater levels
-Fluctuation in magnetic and electrical resistance of the ground
-Radon gas
what is earthquake hazard and risks? - Answer-Hazard involves likelihood and
frequency of earthquakes. The capacity to cause damage.
Risk : consequences of the hazard. Risk= hazard x consequences
What are earthquake damage factors? - Answer-1. Magnitude (bigger) and duration
(longer)
2. Distance from the earthquakes focus (further away, less distruction)
3. Population desnity
4. time of the day
5. Geology of the affected area; stronger rocks types transmit more energy easiliy. For
surface waves, buildings on solid bedrock occurs less damage.
6. Ground amplification; unconsolidated rock and soil, increase amplitude and duration
of waves, more damage.
7. Type of building construction.
What are earthquake engineering techniques? - Answer-1.Bracing
2.Damping
3.isolation
type of earthquake damage? - Answer-1.ground motion
2. Liquefaction (loose solids behave as fluid mass)
3. Landslides
4. Tsunami
, How does Liquefaction form due to earthquake ? - Answer-innards where loose soils
are saturated with water earthquakes causes the water pressure to increase drastically.
The soil exhibits liquid behaviour. Liquefaction is rare to happen in bedrock.
how to mitigate liquefaction? - Answer-densifying poorly consolidated soil. refers to the
process of compacting or strengthening loose and poorly compacted soil. A heavy
weight is drop on the soil to compact it.
what are the 3 types types of compaction? - Answer-1. Dynamic: A heavy weight is drop
on the soil to compact it.
1. Compaction grouting: a low-mobility grout (a mixture of cement, water, and
sometimes additives) is injected into the soil under pressure. The injected grout
displaces and compacts the surrounding soil, filling voids and increasing.
2. Vibroflotation: use of a vibrating probe (vibroflot) that is inserted vertically into the soil.
The vibroflot vibrates, and as it is gradually withdrawn, the surrounding soil particles
rearrange, resulting in increased density.
How does landslide occur due to earthquake ? - Answer-Seismic activity can trigger
landslides by shaking the ground and destabilizing slopes. The shaking can reduce the
strength of soil or rock, making it more prone to sliding
what's a tsunami? - Answer-an underwater earthquake caused by the displacement of
the sea floor. Tsunami slows when it reaches lower depth of the ocean. Results to
flooding.
How to mitigate hazards? - Answer-Seismic hazard maps and risks maps help to
properly site and construct buildings.
- Determine seismic frequency
-Earthquake probability maps
-Mapping soil and geological conditions
Earthquake emergency planning? - Answer--Mitigation
-preparedness
-dister event
-relief
-rehabilotaion
-costruction
What is Rate of movement of landslides? - Answer-Landlside velocity scale and its
destructive significance (scale(slow) 1-7 (extremely rapit/destructive)).
What s landslide risk? - Answer-risk is a combination of the likelihood of landslide and
its consequence.
what causes an increase in the socio-economic impact? - Answer--Increasing
population density more impact/death
