TB Introduction To Statistical Investiga-
p p p p
t ionsb 2nd Edition Beth L.Chance
p p p p p
Chapter 1 p
IntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigationspTestpBank
Note:pppTEp =p Textpentry TE-Np=pTextpentryp-
NumericpMap =p Matching
p MSp =p Multiplepselect
MCp =p Multiplepchoice TFp=pTrue-
FalsepEp=pEasy,pMp=pMedium,pHp=pHard
CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
p p p
CLO1-1:pUsepthepchancepmodelptopdeterminepwhetherpanpobservedpstatisticpispunlikelyptopoccur.
CLO1-2:pCalculatepandpinterpretpapp-
value,pandpstatepthepstrengthpofpevidencepitpprovidespagainstpthepnullphypothesis.
CLO1-
3:pCalculatepapstandardizedpstatisticpforpapsinglepproportionpandpevaluatepthepstrengthpo
fpevidencepitpprovidespagainstpapnullphypothesis.
CLO1-
4:pDescribephowpthepdistancepofpthepobservedpstatisticpfrompthepparameterpvaluepspecifiedpb
ypthepnullphypothesis,psamplepsize,pandpone-pvs.ptwo-
sidedptestspaffectpthepstrengthpofpevidencepagainstpthepnullphypothesis.
CLO1-5:pDescribephowptopcarrypoutpaptheory-based,pone-proportionpz-test.
Section 1.1: Introduction to Chance Models
p p p p p
LO1.1-1:pRecognizepthepdifferencepbetweenpparameterspandpstatistics.
LO1.1-2:pDescribephowptopusepcoinptossingptopsimulatepoutcomespfrompapchancepmodelpofpthepran-
dompchoicepbetweenptwopevents.
p
LO1.1-3:pUsepthepOnepProportionpappletptopcarrypoutpthepcoinptossingpsimulation.
LO1.1-
4:pIdentifypwhetherporpnotpstudypresultsparepstatisticallypsignificantpandpwhetherporpnotpthep
chancepmodelpispapplausiblepexplanationpforpthepdata.
LO1.1-
5:pImplementpthep3Spstrategy:pfindpapstatistic,psimulatepresultspfrompapchancepmodel,pandp
commentponpstrengthpofpevidencepagainstpobservedpstudypresultsphappeningpbypchancep
alone.
LO1.1-
6:pDifferentiatepbetweenpsayingpthepchancepmodelpispplausiblepandpthepchancepmodelpispthep
correctpexplanationpforpthepobservedpdata.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
,1-2 TestpBankpforpIntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigations,p2ndpEdition
Questionsp1pthroughp4:
DopredpuniformpwearersptendptopwinpmorepoftenpthanpthosepwearingpbluepuniformspinpTaek
wondopmatchespwherepcompetitorspareprandomlypassignedptopwearpeitherpapredporpbluepun
iform?pInpapsamplepofp80pTaekwondopmatches,ptherepwerep45pmatchespwherepthepredpunif
ormpwearerpwon.
1. Whatpispthepparameterpofpinterestpforpthispstudy?
A. Theplong-
runpproportionpofpTaekwondopmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwins
B. Thepproportionpofpmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspinpapsamplepofp80p
Taekwondop matches
C. Whetherpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspapmatch
D.p 0.50
Ans:pA;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
2. Whatpispthepstatisticpforpthispstudy?
A. Theplong-
runpproportionpofpTaekwondopmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwins
B. Thepproportionpofpmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspinpapsamplepofp80p
Taekwondop matches
C. Whetherpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspapmatch
D.p 0.50
Ans:pB;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
3. Givenpbelowpispthepsimulatedpdistributionpofpthepnumberpofp―redpwins‖pthatpcouldphappenpbyp
chancepalonepinpapsamplepofp80pmatches.pBasedponpthispsimulation,pispourpobservedpresultp
statisticallypsignificant?
A. Yes,psincep45pisplargerpthanp40.
B. Yes,psincepthepheightpofpthepdotplotpabovep45pispsmallerpthanpthepheightpofpthep
dotplotpabovep40.
C. No,psincep45pispapfairlyptypicalpoutcomepifpthepcolorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwasp
determinedpbypchancepalone.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
, IntroductionptopFinancialpStatements 1-3
D. No,psincepwepcouldphavepobservedpapvaluepgreaterpthanp45pjustpbyprandompchance.
Ans:pC;pLO:p1.1-4;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMC
4. Whatpcanpwepconcludepfrompthepresultspofpthispstudy?pSelectpallpthatpapply.
A. Thepresultspofpthispstudyparepsomethingpthatpcouldpeasilyphavephappenedpifpthep
colorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwaspdeterminedpbypchancepalone.
B. Wepdopnotphavepconvincingpevidencepagainstpthep―by-chance-alone‖pmodel.
C. Thepresultspofpthispstudypprovepthatpthepcolorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwasp
determinedpbypchancepalone.
D. Wepdopnotphavepconvincingpevidencepthatpredpuniformpwearersptendptopwinpmorep
oftenpthanpthosepwearingpbluepuniforms.
Ans:pA,pB,pD;pLO:p1.1-6;pDifficulty:pHard;pType:pMS
Questionsp5pthroughp8:
Supposepyoupareptestingptopseepifpyourpdog,pHope,punderstandsppointingptowardspanpobject.pYouppl
aceptwopobjectspaboutp2.5pmeterspaway,pthenpyouppointptowardsponepofpthepobjects.pInp20ptrials,pHop
epgoesptopthepcorrectpobjectp13ptimesp(orp65%).
5. FillpinpthepblankspwithpthepcorrectpOnepProportionpappletpinputsptopcarrypoutpanpappropriatep
simulationpofpthispprocess,pifpHopepdoespnotpunderstandppointingptowardspanpobjectpandpispj
ustpguessing.
Probabilitypofpsuccess:pp
Samplep
p
size:pp
Numberpofpsamples:pp
Ans:p0.5p(Tol:p0),p20p(Tol:p0),pAnypintegerpasplargerporplargerpthanp1000;pLO:p1.1-
3;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTE-N
6. Matchptheppartspofptheprealpstudypcorrespondingptopthepphysicalp(coin-flipping)psimulation:
Coinpflipp=pp A. 0.5,pprobabilitypofpHopepgoingptopthep
correctpobject
pH
B. Hopepgoingptopthepcorrectpobject
eadsp=pp
C. Hopepgoingptopthepincorrectpobject
pTa
D. Onepsetpofp20pattemptspbypHope
ilsp=pp
E. Hopepgoingptopanpobject
Chancepofpheadsp=pp
ppppp
Oneprepetitionp=pp
ppppppp
Ans:pE,pB,pC,pA,pD;pLO:p1.1-2;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMa
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
, 1-4 TestpBankpforpIntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigations,p2ndpEdition
7. GivenpbelowpispthepresultingpsimulationpdistributionpfrompthepOnepProportionpapplet.pBasedp
onpthispsimulation,pdopwephavepconvincingpevidencepagainstpthepobservedpstudypresultspha
ppeningpbypchancepalone?
A. No,psincep0.65pispapfairlyptypicalpoutcomepifp Hopepwaspjustpguessing.
B. No,psincepwepcouldphavepobservedpapvaluepgreaterpthanp0.65pjustpbyprandomp
chance.
C. Yes,psincep0.65pisplargerpthanp0.5.
D. Yes,psincepthepheightpofpthepdotplotpabovep0.65pispsmallerpthanpthepheightpofpthep
dotplotpabovep0.5.
Ans:pA;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMC
8. WhichpofpthepfollowingpispNOTpapsteppinpthep3SpStrategypforpmeasuringpstrengthpofp
evidence?
A. Strengthpofpevidence
B. Statistic
C. Sample
D. Simulate
Ans:pC;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
Questionsp9pthroughp12:
TrueporpFalse?
9. Apparameterpispapnumberpsummarizingpthepresultspinpthepsample.
Ans:pFalse;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTF
10. Apresultpthatpispunlikelyptopoccurpjustpbypchancepalonepispcalledpstatisticallypsignificant.
Ans:pTrue;pLO:p1.1-4;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTF
11. Ifpanpobservedpstatisticpispstatisticallypsignificant,pthenpwephavepstrongpevidencepthatpthep
chance-alonepexplanationpispcorrect.
Ans:pFalse;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pTF
12. IfpanpobservedpstatisticpispNOTpstatisticallypsignificant,pthenpthepchancepmodelpispplausible.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
p p p p
t ionsb 2nd Edition Beth L.Chance
p p p p p
Chapter 1 p
IntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigationspTestpBank
Note:pppTEp =p Textpentry TE-Np=pTextpentryp-
NumericpMap =p Matching
p MSp =p Multiplepselect
MCp =p Multiplepchoice TFp=pTrue-
FalsepEp=pEasy,pMp=pMedium,pHp=pHard
CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
p p p
CLO1-1:pUsepthepchancepmodelptopdeterminepwhetherpanpobservedpstatisticpispunlikelyptopoccur.
CLO1-2:pCalculatepandpinterpretpapp-
value,pandpstatepthepstrengthpofpevidencepitpprovidespagainstpthepnullphypothesis.
CLO1-
3:pCalculatepapstandardizedpstatisticpforpapsinglepproportionpandpevaluatepthepstrengthpo
fpevidencepitpprovidespagainstpapnullphypothesis.
CLO1-
4:pDescribephowpthepdistancepofpthepobservedpstatisticpfrompthepparameterpvaluepspecifiedpb
ypthepnullphypothesis,psamplepsize,pandpone-pvs.ptwo-
sidedptestspaffectpthepstrengthpofpevidencepagainstpthepnullphypothesis.
CLO1-5:pDescribephowptopcarrypoutpaptheory-based,pone-proportionpz-test.
Section 1.1: Introduction to Chance Models
p p p p p
LO1.1-1:pRecognizepthepdifferencepbetweenpparameterspandpstatistics.
LO1.1-2:pDescribephowptopusepcoinptossingptopsimulatepoutcomespfrompapchancepmodelpofpthepran-
dompchoicepbetweenptwopevents.
p
LO1.1-3:pUsepthepOnepProportionpappletptopcarrypoutpthepcoinptossingpsimulation.
LO1.1-
4:pIdentifypwhetherporpnotpstudypresultsparepstatisticallypsignificantpandpwhetherporpnotpthep
chancepmodelpispapplausiblepexplanationpforpthepdata.
LO1.1-
5:pImplementpthep3Spstrategy:pfindpapstatistic,psimulatepresultspfrompapchancepmodel,pandp
commentponpstrengthpofpevidencepagainstpobservedpstudypresultsphappeningpbypchancep
alone.
LO1.1-
6:pDifferentiatepbetweenpsayingpthepchancepmodelpispplausiblepandpthepchancepmodelpispthep
correctpexplanationpforpthepobservedpdata.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
,1-2 TestpBankpforpIntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigations,p2ndpEdition
Questionsp1pthroughp4:
DopredpuniformpwearersptendptopwinpmorepoftenpthanpthosepwearingpbluepuniformspinpTaek
wondopmatchespwherepcompetitorspareprandomlypassignedptopwearpeitherpapredporpbluepun
iform?pInpapsamplepofp80pTaekwondopmatches,ptherepwerep45pmatchespwherepthepredpunif
ormpwearerpwon.
1. Whatpispthepparameterpofpinterestpforpthispstudy?
A. Theplong-
runpproportionpofpTaekwondopmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwins
B. Thepproportionpofpmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspinpapsamplepofp80p
Taekwondop matches
C. Whetherpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspapmatch
D.p 0.50
Ans:pA;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
2. Whatpispthepstatisticpforpthispstudy?
A. Theplong-
runpproportionpofpTaekwondopmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwins
B. Thepproportionpofpmatchespinpwhichpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspinpapsamplepofp80p
Taekwondop matches
C. Whetherpthepredpuniformpwearerpwinspapmatch
D.p 0.50
Ans:pB;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
3. Givenpbelowpispthepsimulatedpdistributionpofpthepnumberpofp―redpwins‖pthatpcouldphappenpbyp
chancepalonepinpapsamplepofp80pmatches.pBasedponpthispsimulation,pispourpobservedpresultp
statisticallypsignificant?
A. Yes,psincep45pisplargerpthanp40.
B. Yes,psincepthepheightpofpthepdotplotpabovep45pispsmallerpthanpthepheightpofpthep
dotplotpabovep40.
C. No,psincep45pispapfairlyptypicalpoutcomepifpthepcolorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwasp
determinedpbypchancepalone.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
, IntroductionptopFinancialpStatements 1-3
D. No,psincepwepcouldphavepobservedpapvaluepgreaterpthanp45pjustpbyprandompchance.
Ans:pC;pLO:p1.1-4;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMC
4. Whatpcanpwepconcludepfrompthepresultspofpthispstudy?pSelectpallpthatpapply.
A. Thepresultspofpthispstudyparepsomethingpthatpcouldpeasilyphavephappenedpifpthep
colorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwaspdeterminedpbypchancepalone.
B. Wepdopnotphavepconvincingpevidencepagainstpthep―by-chance-alone‖pmodel.
C. Thepresultspofpthispstudypprovepthatpthepcolorpofpthepwinner‘spuniformpwasp
determinedpbypchancepalone.
D. Wepdopnotphavepconvincingpevidencepthatpredpuniformpwearersptendptopwinpmorep
oftenpthanpthosepwearingpbluepuniforms.
Ans:pA,pB,pD;pLO:p1.1-6;pDifficulty:pHard;pType:pMS
Questionsp5pthroughp8:
Supposepyoupareptestingptopseepifpyourpdog,pHope,punderstandsppointingptowardspanpobject.pYouppl
aceptwopobjectspaboutp2.5pmeterspaway,pthenpyouppointptowardsponepofpthepobjects.pInp20ptrials,pHop
epgoesptopthepcorrectpobjectp13ptimesp(orp65%).
5. FillpinpthepblankspwithpthepcorrectpOnepProportionpappletpinputsptopcarrypoutpanpappropriatep
simulationpofpthispprocess,pifpHopepdoespnotpunderstandppointingptowardspanpobjectpandpispj
ustpguessing.
Probabilitypofpsuccess:pp
Samplep
p
size:pp
Numberpofpsamples:pp
Ans:p0.5p(Tol:p0),p20p(Tol:p0),pAnypintegerpasplargerporplargerpthanp1000;pLO:p1.1-
3;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTE-N
6. Matchptheppartspofptheprealpstudypcorrespondingptopthepphysicalp(coin-flipping)psimulation:
Coinpflipp=pp A. 0.5,pprobabilitypofpHopepgoingptopthep
correctpobject
pH
B. Hopepgoingptopthepcorrectpobject
eadsp=pp
C. Hopepgoingptopthepincorrectpobject
pTa
D. Onepsetpofp20pattemptspbypHope
ilsp=pp
E. Hopepgoingptopanpobject
Chancepofpheadsp=pp
ppppp
Oneprepetitionp=pp
ppppppp
Ans:pE,pB,pC,pA,pD;pLO:p1.1-2;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMa
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
, 1-4 TestpBankpforpIntroductionptopStatisticalpInvestigations,p2ndpEdition
7. GivenpbelowpispthepresultingpsimulationpdistributionpfrompthepOnepProportionpapplet.pBasedp
onpthispsimulation,pdopwephavepconvincingpevidencepagainstpthepobservedpstudypresultspha
ppeningpbypchancepalone?
A. No,psincep0.65pispapfairlyptypicalpoutcomepifp Hopepwaspjustpguessing.
B. No,psincepwepcouldphavepobservedpapvaluepgreaterpthanp0.65pjustpbyprandomp
chance.
C. Yes,psincep0.65pisplargerpthanp0.5.
D. Yes,psincepthepheightpofpthepdotplotpabovep0.65pispsmallerpthanpthepheightpofpthep
dotplotpabovep0.5.
Ans:pA;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pMC
8. WhichpofpthepfollowingpispNOTpapsteppinpthep3SpStrategypforpmeasuringpstrengthpofp
evidence?
A. Strengthpofpevidence
B. Statistic
C. Sample
D. Simulate
Ans:pC;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pMC
Questionsp9pthroughp12:
TrueporpFalse?
9. Apparameterpispapnumberpsummarizingpthepresultspinpthepsample.
Ans:pFalse;pLO:p1.1-1;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTF
10. Apresultpthatpispunlikelyptopoccurpjustpbypchancepalonepispcalledpstatisticallypsignificant.
Ans:pTrue;pLO:p1.1-4;pDifficulty:pEasy;pType:pTF
11. Ifpanpobservedpstatisticpispstatisticallypsignificant,pthenpwephavepstrongpevidencepthatpthep
chance-alonepexplanationpispcorrect.
Ans:pFalse;pLO:p1.1-5;pDifficulty:pMedium;pType:pTF
12. IfpanpobservedpstatisticpispNOTpstatisticallypsignificant,pthenpthepchancepmodelpispplausible.
FORpINSTRUCTORpUSEpONLY
