NCSBN REVIEW. Questions with WELL DETAILED
Answers.
Q. Schedule I
Category of drugs with high abuse potential and no medical use (generally unsafe), e.g., heroin,
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and marijuana
Q. Schedule II
High risk for abuse or physical or psychological dependency but also have safe and accepted
uses, e.g., morphine, amphetamines, short-acting barbiturates, cocaine
Q. Schedule III
Less potential for abuse or addiction than Schedule II, e.g., paregoric, various analgesic
compounds containing codeine
Q. Schedule IV
Medically useful category of drugs with less potential for abuse or addiction than Schedule II
drugs, e.g., chloral hydrate, diazepam, meprobamate, phenobarbital
Q. Schedule V
Lowest potential for abuse of all categories, medically acceptable uses e.g., antidiarrheals and
antitussives with opioid derivatives
Q. Tips for pharma naming
"PRILS" = ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril)
"SARTANS" = angiotensin receptor blockers (losartan, valsartan)
"TRIPTANS" = treatment of acute migraine headache
"STATINS" = lower LDL cholesterol (simvastatin, rosuvastatin)
"DIPINES" = calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, nifedipine)
"PRAZOLES" = proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
"AZOLES" = antifungals (miconazole)
Q. Peak
Point in time after the administration when a medication exerts its strongest therapeutic and
adverse effects; a serum blood sample is drawn (about 1 hour) after the drug is administered
Q. Trough
The lowest drug level that is needed to reach therapeutic range; a serum blood is drawn (about 30
minutes) before medication administration
,Q. 0.5-1ml
Max deltoid muscle injection
Q. Depot injection
Intramuscular injection of a drug in an oil suspension that results in a gradual release of the
medication over a period (from several days to weeks to months)
Q. Isotonic solution
Concentration of dissolved particles is similar to that of plasma
Infused solutions remain in the extracellular space and increase intravascular volume
ex. NS, LR, D5W, Ringer's solution
Q. Hypotonic solution
Lower tonicity or solute concentration
Fluids shift from the intravascular space to both the intracellular and interstitial spaces
Hypotonic fluids are used to treat conditions causing intracellular dehydration, including diabetic
ketoacidosis & hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
ex. 0.45% nacl, 0.33% nacl, 0.2% nacl
2.5 dextrose in water
Q. Hypertonic (crystalloid) solution
Higher tonicity or solute concentration
Water is drawn out of the intracellular space, increasing extracellular fluid volume
Hypertonic fluids are used as volume expanders for conditions such as severe hyponatremia &
cerebral edema
Typically administered only in high acuity areas with constant nursing surveillance
ex. 3% nacl, 5% nacl, 5% dextrose and 0.45% nacl,
5% dextrose and 0.9% nacl, D5LR, D10W, D20W
Q. Hypertonic (colloid solutions)
Unlike crystalloids, colloids contain molecules too large to pass through semipermeable
membranes; they expand intravascular volume by drawing fluid from the interstitial spaces into
the intravascular compartment through their higher oncotic pressure
Known as volume expanders or plasma expanders
Colloids are indicated for conditions such as hypoproteinemia and malnourished states and for
individuals who cannot tolerate large infusions of fluid
ex. albumin, dextran (low-molecular weight dextran [LMWD] & high-molecular weight dextran
[HMWD])
hydroxyethylstarches (hetastarch and hespan)
Q. Collection chamber
, - chest tube chamber that collects fluid
-monitor and document rate and nature of drainage (initially every 30 minutes in first few hours,
then every 1 to 4 hours)
Q. Water seal chamber
- chest tube chamber that provides a one-way valve so that air leaves and cannot reenter chest
- bubbling is normal initial 48 to 72 hours
- Tidaling (expected to rise with inspiration, fall with exhalation)
Q. Suction control chamber
- negative pressure transmitted to pleural space is determined by the amount of solution in this
chamber, not the setting on the wall suction
- expected finding is continuous bubbling in chamber
- used to enhance re-expansion of lung quickly
Q. Buck's traction
- Simple horizontal traction
Unilateral or bilateral limb traction
- Used before repair of fractured hip or for lumbosacral muscle spasms
- remove every 2 to 4 hours to inspect skin integrity
Q. Dunlop's traction
- Horizontal Buck's
Extension to humerus with vertical Buck's extension to forearm
- Used for supracondylar fractures of the humerus
Q. Bryant's traction
-Vertical extension with bilateral traction to legs
Hips kept at 90-degree flexion
Buttocks kept one hand-level off the bed
-Used in infants or children weighing less than 35 to 40 pounds for fractured femur or congenital
hip dysplasia
Q. Cotrel traction
- Head halter and pelvic belt pulling in opposite directions
- Preoperative treatment for spinal curvatures
Q. Pelvic Belt
- Girdle-type belt that fits around lumbosacral area
- Used for low back pain, muscle spasms, and ruptured nucleus pulposus
Q. Pelvic Sling
Answers.
Q. Schedule I
Category of drugs with high abuse potential and no medical use (generally unsafe), e.g., heroin,
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and marijuana
Q. Schedule II
High risk for abuse or physical or psychological dependency but also have safe and accepted
uses, e.g., morphine, amphetamines, short-acting barbiturates, cocaine
Q. Schedule III
Less potential for abuse or addiction than Schedule II, e.g., paregoric, various analgesic
compounds containing codeine
Q. Schedule IV
Medically useful category of drugs with less potential for abuse or addiction than Schedule II
drugs, e.g., chloral hydrate, diazepam, meprobamate, phenobarbital
Q. Schedule V
Lowest potential for abuse of all categories, medically acceptable uses e.g., antidiarrheals and
antitussives with opioid derivatives
Q. Tips for pharma naming
"PRILS" = ACE inhibitors (enalapril, lisinopril)
"SARTANS" = angiotensin receptor blockers (losartan, valsartan)
"TRIPTANS" = treatment of acute migraine headache
"STATINS" = lower LDL cholesterol (simvastatin, rosuvastatin)
"DIPINES" = calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, nifedipine)
"PRAZOLES" = proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
"AZOLES" = antifungals (miconazole)
Q. Peak
Point in time after the administration when a medication exerts its strongest therapeutic and
adverse effects; a serum blood sample is drawn (about 1 hour) after the drug is administered
Q. Trough
The lowest drug level that is needed to reach therapeutic range; a serum blood is drawn (about 30
minutes) before medication administration
,Q. 0.5-1ml
Max deltoid muscle injection
Q. Depot injection
Intramuscular injection of a drug in an oil suspension that results in a gradual release of the
medication over a period (from several days to weeks to months)
Q. Isotonic solution
Concentration of dissolved particles is similar to that of plasma
Infused solutions remain in the extracellular space and increase intravascular volume
ex. NS, LR, D5W, Ringer's solution
Q. Hypotonic solution
Lower tonicity or solute concentration
Fluids shift from the intravascular space to both the intracellular and interstitial spaces
Hypotonic fluids are used to treat conditions causing intracellular dehydration, including diabetic
ketoacidosis & hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
ex. 0.45% nacl, 0.33% nacl, 0.2% nacl
2.5 dextrose in water
Q. Hypertonic (crystalloid) solution
Higher tonicity or solute concentration
Water is drawn out of the intracellular space, increasing extracellular fluid volume
Hypertonic fluids are used as volume expanders for conditions such as severe hyponatremia &
cerebral edema
Typically administered only in high acuity areas with constant nursing surveillance
ex. 3% nacl, 5% nacl, 5% dextrose and 0.45% nacl,
5% dextrose and 0.9% nacl, D5LR, D10W, D20W
Q. Hypertonic (colloid solutions)
Unlike crystalloids, colloids contain molecules too large to pass through semipermeable
membranes; they expand intravascular volume by drawing fluid from the interstitial spaces into
the intravascular compartment through their higher oncotic pressure
Known as volume expanders or plasma expanders
Colloids are indicated for conditions such as hypoproteinemia and malnourished states and for
individuals who cannot tolerate large infusions of fluid
ex. albumin, dextran (low-molecular weight dextran [LMWD] & high-molecular weight dextran
[HMWD])
hydroxyethylstarches (hetastarch and hespan)
Q. Collection chamber
, - chest tube chamber that collects fluid
-monitor and document rate and nature of drainage (initially every 30 minutes in first few hours,
then every 1 to 4 hours)
Q. Water seal chamber
- chest tube chamber that provides a one-way valve so that air leaves and cannot reenter chest
- bubbling is normal initial 48 to 72 hours
- Tidaling (expected to rise with inspiration, fall with exhalation)
Q. Suction control chamber
- negative pressure transmitted to pleural space is determined by the amount of solution in this
chamber, not the setting on the wall suction
- expected finding is continuous bubbling in chamber
- used to enhance re-expansion of lung quickly
Q. Buck's traction
- Simple horizontal traction
Unilateral or bilateral limb traction
- Used before repair of fractured hip or for lumbosacral muscle spasms
- remove every 2 to 4 hours to inspect skin integrity
Q. Dunlop's traction
- Horizontal Buck's
Extension to humerus with vertical Buck's extension to forearm
- Used for supracondylar fractures of the humerus
Q. Bryant's traction
-Vertical extension with bilateral traction to legs
Hips kept at 90-degree flexion
Buttocks kept one hand-level off the bed
-Used in infants or children weighing less than 35 to 40 pounds for fractured femur or congenital
hip dysplasia
Q. Cotrel traction
- Head halter and pelvic belt pulling in opposite directions
- Preoperative treatment for spinal curvatures
Q. Pelvic Belt
- Girdle-type belt that fits around lumbosacral area
- Used for low back pain, muscle spasms, and ruptured nucleus pulposus
Q. Pelvic Sling
