EDF 6223 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED PASS (LATEST UPDATE)

EDF 6223 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED PASS (LATEST UPDATE) Shaping Across and Within Response Topographies - ANS •Across response topographies -Topography of behavior changes during shaping -Behaviors are still members of the same response class •Within response topographies -Topography of behavior remains constant -Another measurable dimension of behavior is changed (e.g., duration of the behavior) Positive Aspects of Shaping - ANS •Teaches new behaviors •A positive approach to teaching •Can be combined with other procedures, such as chaining Limitations of Shaping - ANS •Can be time consuming •Progress is not always linear and may be erratic •Requires a skillful trainer, who can recognize subtly closer approximations •Can be misapplied (problem or harmful behaviors can be accidentally shaped) Shaping vs. Fading - ANS •Both change behavior gradually -Shaping via changing response requirements -Fading by changing antecedent stimuli Increasing Efficiency of Shaping - ANS •Combine with a discriminative stimulus (e.g., a prompt) -Verbal cues -Physical guidance -Models Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Consider nature of behavior to be learned and resources available -How far away is current performance from terminal behavior? •This might influence how long shaping will take -What is the availability of staff and other resources? •Remember, this is a labor intensive procedure Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Select the Terminal Behavior -The ultimate criterion for selecting a behavior for change: •How will the behavior change contribute to the learner's independence in gaining reinforcement? -Define the terminal behavior precisely •Then you'll know when the behavior has occurred Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Determine Criteria for Success -How accurate, fast, long, or intensely should the behavior be performed? Under what conditions should it be performed? -Establish norms by •Consulting literature •Observing similar peer group Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Analyze the Response Class -Identify the approximations that might be emitted during training •Trainer is in a better position to "stay ahead of his/her subject" -Can be done by: •Consulting experts in the field •Use published literature •Use videotape of peers to analyze components of a behavior •Perform the target behavior yourself Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Identify the First Behavior to Reinforce -Behavior should already occur at some level -Behavior should be a member of the targeted response class Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Eliminate Interfering Stimuli -Eliminate distractions during training •Proceed in Gradual Stages -Be prepared for decrements in performance when you increase criteria Guidelines for Implementing Shaping - ANS •Limit the Number of Approximations at Each Level -Lest the behavior become too firmly established •Continue Reinforcement When the Terminal Behavior is Achieved -The behavior will be lost if the terminal response is not reinforced•Limit the Number of Approximations at Each Level -Lest the behavior become too firmly established •Continue Reinforcement When the Terminal Behavior is Achieved -The behavior will be lost if the terminal response is not reinforced Extinction - ANS •Extinction is a procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforce behavior is discontinued; as a result, occurrences of that behavior decrease in the future. •Extinction is a procedure that provides zero probability of reinforcement •The effectiveness of extinction is dependent primarily on the identification of reinforcing consequences and consistent application of the procedure •Extinction does not require the application of aversive stimuli to decrease behavior. Procedural - ANS •Procedural forms of extinction involve "ignoring" the problem behavior. •Applications of the procedural form of extinction are often ineffective. Functional - ANS •Functional forms of extinction involve withholding the maintaining reinforcers.•When the extinction procedure is matched to the behavioral function, the intervention is usually effective. Misuses of the Term "Extinction" - ANS •1) Using extinction to refer to any decrease in behavior