Exam 05: Middle-Aged Adult NCLEX
Questions And Answers
During dmiddle dadulthood, dphysiological dchanges daffect dmost dbodily dsystems. dThese dchanges dinclude:
A. dIncreased dcardiac doutput
B. dIncreased dglomerular dfiltration drate
C. dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks
D. dDecreased dbone ddensity dand dmass d- dAnswer d- dC. dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks.
• dPhysiological dchanges dthat doccur dduring dthe dmiddle dadulthood dinclude:
o dHair dof dthe dadult dbegins dto dthin dand dturn dgrey.
o dThe dskin's dmoisture dand dturgor ddecreases dand dwith dthe dloss dof dsubcutaneous dtissue, dwrinkles
dappear.
o dFat ddeposits dincrease dduring dthese dyears dwith dthe dincreases din dweight dgain.
o dCardiac doutput ddecreases.
o dBone ddensity dand dmass dprogressively ddecrease.
o dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks daccounts dfor dapproximately da dloss dof d1 dinch din dheight.
o dAcid dindigestion dand dbelching dincreases ddue dto ddecreased dgastrointestinal dmotility.
o dStools dbecome dharder dand ddry ddue dto ddecreased dgastrointestinal dmotility.
o dAs dblood dsupply dto dthe dkidneys ddecrease, dthe dglomerular dfiltration drate dis ddecreased.
o dBlood dvessels dlose delasticity dand dbecome dthicker.
The dleading dcause dof ddeath din dmiddle dadulthood, din dboth dWhite dand dBlack dpopulations, dare dthe dsame
dand dinclude:
A. dHeart ddisease
B. dKidney ddisease
,C. dRespiratory ddisease
D. dGastrointestinal ddisease d- dAnswer d- dA. dHeart ddisease
• dThe dtree dleading dcauses don dboth dWhite dand dBlack dpopulations dare dthe dsame: dHeart ddisease, dcancer,
dand dcerebrovascular daccident. dReducing ddisabilities dand ddeaths dfrom dthese dchronic dconditions dare
dnational dhealth-promotion dobjectives. dMost dof dthe ddiseases dand dby dprofessional dnurses, dis deffective
dwith dadults dwho dwant dor dmust dchange dtheir dlifestyle dbehaviors.
The dnurse dinitiates dan dexercise dprogram dwith dthe dmiddle-aged dadults dby:
A. dPlanning dphysical dactivity dfor da dminimum dof d45 dminutes.
B. dConsidering dactivities dthat dhave dthe dleast dpotential dfor dinjury.
C. dCounseling dthe dadult dthat dexercise dshould dbe drigorous dto dproduce dresults.
D. dAdvising dthat dthe dheart drate dshould ddouble dduring dexercise dfor dcardiovascular dbenefits dto dbe
dachieved. d- dAnswer d- dB. dConsidering dactivities dthat dhave dthe dleast dpotential dfor dinjury.
• dModeration dis dthe dkey, dalong dwith dincreased dcaution das dthe dadult dapproaches dage d65. dThe dexercise
dprogram dshould dbe drealistic, dand dthe dactivities dselected dshould dbe dactivities dthat dthe dindividual
denjoyed din dthe dpast. dActivates dshould dbe dselected dwith dthe dconsideration dof dthe dpotential dfor dinjury.
dPhysical dexercise dshould dinvolve das dmany dmuscles das dpossible, dperformed don da dregular dbasis,
dpreferably d3 dto d4 dtimes da dweek, dfor da dminimum dof d30 dminutes deach dtime. dThe dappropriate dlevel dof
dperformance dfor daerobic dexercise dis ddetermined dby dachieving da dpulse drate dthat dI destablished dfor dthe
dindividual: dtaking dthe dnumber d220, dsubtracting dthe dperson's dage, dthen dcomputing d75% dof dthat
dnumber.
Bloom d(1984) dhas ddeveloped da dhierarchy dof dcognitive dlevels din dthe dadult dlearner. dThe danalysis
dcognitive dlevel dfor dthe dadult dlearner dwould dbe:
A. dRecalling dspecific dfacts.
B. dGrasping dthe dmeaning dof dthe dcommunicated dmessage.
C. dBreaking ddown dmaterial dinto dits dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship.
D. dApplying dknowledge din dthe dform dof dabstractions dand dideas dto dconcrete dsituation. d- dAnswer d- dC.
dBreaking ddown dmaterial dinto dits dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship.
• dBloom d(1984) ddeveloped da dhierarchy dof dcognitive dlevels din dthe dadult dlearner. dThe dfirst dlevel dis
dknowledge, dwhich dis dthe drecall dof dspecifics. dThe dsecond dlevel dis dcomprehension. dThe dlearner dgrasps
, dthe dmeaning dof dcommunicated dmessages dand drelates dit dto dother dmaterial. dThe dthird dlevel dis
dapplication. dThe dlearner dapplies dknowledge din dthe dform dof dabstraction dand dideas dto dconcrete
dsituations. dAnalysis dis dthe dfourth dlevel, dwherein dthe dadult dbreaks ddown dthe dmaterial dinto dits
dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship. dThe dfinal dand dfifth dlevel dI dsynthesis, dwherein dthe
dperson dis dable dto dcombine dvarious delements dto dform da dplan dand dthen djudge dthe dextent dof dthe dideas
dand dmaterials dsatisfy dthe destablished dcriteria.
The dnurse, dteaching da dclass don dsmoking dcessation dto da dgroup dof dmiddle-age dadults, dpresents dthe
dadverse deffects dof dsmoking, dwhich dthat dnicotine: d
A. dActs dto dstimulate dthe dheart.
B. dCalms dthe dcentral dnervous dsystem.
C. dAssists din ddecreasing dblood dpressure.
D. dCauses da ddecrease din dcarbon dmonoxide. d- dAnswer d- dA. dActs dto dstimulate dthe dheart.
• dNicotine dacts din dtwo ddivisions dof dthe dnervous dsystem dto daffect dthe dcentral dpart dof dth dbrain dand dthe
dspinal dcord, dand dthe dperipheral dportion dthat dcontrols dthe darms dand dlegs. dNicotine dstimulates dthe
dheart, dleading dto dan dincreased dpulse dand delevated dblood dpressure. dAlthough dsmokers dfrequently
dbelieve dthat dcigarettes dhave da dcalming deffect, dthis dnotion dis dmisleading. dNicotine dstimulates dthe dbody,
dwhereas dincreasing dlevels dof dcarbon dmonoxide dcauses dlethargy. dSmokers dmay dfeel dcalm, dalthough
dthey dare dactually dhaving dtheir dsensations ddulled dby dthe delevated dlevel dof dcarbon dmonoxide.
A dcondition dof dthe dbone dthat dis dthe dresult dof dbone dlysis dexceeding dthe drate dof dbone dmatrix dsynthesis
dis dcalled:
A. dOsteoarthritis
B. dKyphosis
C. dOsteopenia
D. dOsteoporosis d- dAnswer d- dC. dOsteopenia
• dOsteopenia dis da dcondition dof dsubnormally dmineralized dbone, dusually das da dresult dof da dbone dlysis dthat
dexceeds dthe drate dof dbone dmatrix dsynthesis. dThoracic dkyphosis dis dan dangulation dof dthe dposterior dspine
dthat dis dsometimes dreferred dto das d"hunchback." dOsteoporosis dis da ddisorder dcharacterized dby dabnormal
dloss dof dbone ddensity dand ddeterioration dof dbone dtissue, dwith dan dincreased dfracture drisk. dIt doccurs dmost
dfrequently din dpostmenopausal dwomen dwho dhave dfair dcomplexions dand dare dsmall, dsedentary
dindividuals, dand dpeople don dlong-term dsteroid duse.
Questions And Answers
During dmiddle dadulthood, dphysiological dchanges daffect dmost dbodily dsystems. dThese dchanges dinclude:
A. dIncreased dcardiac doutput
B. dIncreased dglomerular dfiltration drate
C. dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks
D. dDecreased dbone ddensity dand dmass d- dAnswer d- dC. dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks.
• dPhysiological dchanges dthat doccur dduring dthe dmiddle dadulthood dinclude:
o dHair dof dthe dadult dbegins dto dthin dand dturn dgrey.
o dThe dskin's dmoisture dand dturgor ddecreases dand dwith dthe dloss dof dsubcutaneous dtissue, dwrinkles
dappear.
o dFat ddeposits dincrease dduring dthese dyears dwith dthe dincreases din dweight dgain.
o dCardiac doutput ddecreases.
o dBone ddensity dand dmass dprogressively ddecrease.
o dThinning dof dthe dintervertebral ddisks daccounts dfor dapproximately da dloss dof d1 dinch din dheight.
o dAcid dindigestion dand dbelching dincreases ddue dto ddecreased dgastrointestinal dmotility.
o dStools dbecome dharder dand ddry ddue dto ddecreased dgastrointestinal dmotility.
o dAs dblood dsupply dto dthe dkidneys ddecrease, dthe dglomerular dfiltration drate dis ddecreased.
o dBlood dvessels dlose delasticity dand dbecome dthicker.
The dleading dcause dof ddeath din dmiddle dadulthood, din dboth dWhite dand dBlack dpopulations, dare dthe dsame
dand dinclude:
A. dHeart ddisease
B. dKidney ddisease
,C. dRespiratory ddisease
D. dGastrointestinal ddisease d- dAnswer d- dA. dHeart ddisease
• dThe dtree dleading dcauses don dboth dWhite dand dBlack dpopulations dare dthe dsame: dHeart ddisease, dcancer,
dand dcerebrovascular daccident. dReducing ddisabilities dand ddeaths dfrom dthese dchronic dconditions dare
dnational dhealth-promotion dobjectives. dMost dof dthe ddiseases dand dby dprofessional dnurses, dis deffective
dwith dadults dwho dwant dor dmust dchange dtheir dlifestyle dbehaviors.
The dnurse dinitiates dan dexercise dprogram dwith dthe dmiddle-aged dadults dby:
A. dPlanning dphysical dactivity dfor da dminimum dof d45 dminutes.
B. dConsidering dactivities dthat dhave dthe dleast dpotential dfor dinjury.
C. dCounseling dthe dadult dthat dexercise dshould dbe drigorous dto dproduce dresults.
D. dAdvising dthat dthe dheart drate dshould ddouble dduring dexercise dfor dcardiovascular dbenefits dto dbe
dachieved. d- dAnswer d- dB. dConsidering dactivities dthat dhave dthe dleast dpotential dfor dinjury.
• dModeration dis dthe dkey, dalong dwith dincreased dcaution das dthe dadult dapproaches dage d65. dThe dexercise
dprogram dshould dbe drealistic, dand dthe dactivities dselected dshould dbe dactivities dthat dthe dindividual
denjoyed din dthe dpast. dActivates dshould dbe dselected dwith dthe dconsideration dof dthe dpotential dfor dinjury.
dPhysical dexercise dshould dinvolve das dmany dmuscles das dpossible, dperformed don da dregular dbasis,
dpreferably d3 dto d4 dtimes da dweek, dfor da dminimum dof d30 dminutes deach dtime. dThe dappropriate dlevel dof
dperformance dfor daerobic dexercise dis ddetermined dby dachieving da dpulse drate dthat dI destablished dfor dthe
dindividual: dtaking dthe dnumber d220, dsubtracting dthe dperson's dage, dthen dcomputing d75% dof dthat
dnumber.
Bloom d(1984) dhas ddeveloped da dhierarchy dof dcognitive dlevels din dthe dadult dlearner. dThe danalysis
dcognitive dlevel dfor dthe dadult dlearner dwould dbe:
A. dRecalling dspecific dfacts.
B. dGrasping dthe dmeaning dof dthe dcommunicated dmessage.
C. dBreaking ddown dmaterial dinto dits dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship.
D. dApplying dknowledge din dthe dform dof dabstractions dand dideas dto dconcrete dsituation. d- dAnswer d- dC.
dBreaking ddown dmaterial dinto dits dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship.
• dBloom d(1984) ddeveloped da dhierarchy dof dcognitive dlevels din dthe dadult dlearner. dThe dfirst dlevel dis
dknowledge, dwhich dis dthe drecall dof dspecifics. dThe dsecond dlevel dis dcomprehension. dThe dlearner dgrasps
, dthe dmeaning dof dcommunicated dmessages dand drelates dit dto dother dmaterial. dThe dthird dlevel dis
dapplication. dThe dlearner dapplies dknowledge din dthe dform dof dabstraction dand dideas dto dconcrete
dsituations. dAnalysis dis dthe dfourth dlevel, dwherein dthe dadult dbreaks ddown dthe dmaterial dinto dits
dconstituent dparts dwhile dnoting dtheir drelationship. dThe dfinal dand dfifth dlevel dI dsynthesis, dwherein dthe
dperson dis dable dto dcombine dvarious delements dto dform da dplan dand dthen djudge dthe dextent dof dthe dideas
dand dmaterials dsatisfy dthe destablished dcriteria.
The dnurse, dteaching da dclass don dsmoking dcessation dto da dgroup dof dmiddle-age dadults, dpresents dthe
dadverse deffects dof dsmoking, dwhich dthat dnicotine: d
A. dActs dto dstimulate dthe dheart.
B. dCalms dthe dcentral dnervous dsystem.
C. dAssists din ddecreasing dblood dpressure.
D. dCauses da ddecrease din dcarbon dmonoxide. d- dAnswer d- dA. dActs dto dstimulate dthe dheart.
• dNicotine dacts din dtwo ddivisions dof dthe dnervous dsystem dto daffect dthe dcentral dpart dof dth dbrain dand dthe
dspinal dcord, dand dthe dperipheral dportion dthat dcontrols dthe darms dand dlegs. dNicotine dstimulates dthe
dheart, dleading dto dan dincreased dpulse dand delevated dblood dpressure. dAlthough dsmokers dfrequently
dbelieve dthat dcigarettes dhave da dcalming deffect, dthis dnotion dis dmisleading. dNicotine dstimulates dthe dbody,
dwhereas dincreasing dlevels dof dcarbon dmonoxide dcauses dlethargy. dSmokers dmay dfeel dcalm, dalthough
dthey dare dactually dhaving dtheir dsensations ddulled dby dthe delevated dlevel dof dcarbon dmonoxide.
A dcondition dof dthe dbone dthat dis dthe dresult dof dbone dlysis dexceeding dthe drate dof dbone dmatrix dsynthesis
dis dcalled:
A. dOsteoarthritis
B. dKyphosis
C. dOsteopenia
D. dOsteoporosis d- dAnswer d- dC. dOsteopenia
• dOsteopenia dis da dcondition dof dsubnormally dmineralized dbone, dusually das da dresult dof da dbone dlysis dthat
dexceeds dthe drate dof dbone dmatrix dsynthesis. dThoracic dkyphosis dis dan dangulation dof dthe dposterior dspine
dthat dis dsometimes dreferred dto das d"hunchback." dOsteoporosis dis da ddisorder dcharacterized dby dabnormal
dloss dof dbone ddensity dand ddeterioration dof dbone dtissue, dwith dan dincreased dfracture drisk. dIt doccurs dmost
dfrequently din dpostmenopausal dwomen dwho dhave dfair dcomplexions dand dare dsmall, dsedentary
dindividuals, dand dpeople don dlong-term dsteroid duse.
