Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd
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Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L Slon
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czewski
Whatpispthepconceptpofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-
pANSWERppplivingporganismspcouldpdeveloppfrompnonlivingporpdecomposingpmatter
Whopchallengedpthepconceptpofpspontaneouspgenerationpbypshowingpthatpmaggotsponp
decayingpmeatpcamepfrompflies,pnotpfrompthepmeatpitself?p-pANSWERpppFrancescopRedi
Whopshowedpthatpmuttonpbrothpboiledpinpflaskspandpthenpsealedpcouldpstillpdeveloppmicr
oorganisms,pwhichpsupportedptheptheorypofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-
pANSWERpppJohnpNeedham
Whopshowedpthatpflaskspsealedpandpthenpboiledphadpnopgrowthpofpmicroorganisms?p-
pANSWERpppLazzaropSpallanzani
Whopproposedpthatpairpcarriedpgerms?p-pANSWERpppSpallanzani
Whopdisprovedptheptheorypofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Whopdemonstratedpthatpdustpcarriedpmicrobespandpprovedpevidencepforpthepexistencep
ofpheat-presistantpformspofpbacteria?p-pANSWERpppJohnpTyndall
Whopshowedpthatpapsilkwormpdiseasepwaspcausedpbypapfungus?p-
pANSWERpppAgostinopBassi
WhopdemonstratedpthatpthepGreatpPotatopBlightpwaspcausedpbypapwaterpmold?p-
pANSWERpppM.pJ.pBerkely
Whopshowedpthatptheppebrinepdiseasepofpsilkwormspwaspcausedpbypapprotozoanpparasi
te?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Whopdevelopedpapsystempofpsurgerypdesignedptoppreventpmicroorganismspfrompenterin
gpwounds?p-pANSWERpppJohnpLister
Whoptransformedptheppracticepofpsurgery?p-pANSWERpppJohnpLister
WhopestablishedptheprelationshippbetweenpBacilluspanthracispandpanthrax?p-
pANSWERpppRobertpKoch
WhatparepthepKochpPostulates?p-
pANSWERppp1.Thepmicroorganismspmustpbeppresentpinpeverypcasepofpthepdiseasepbutpa
bsentpfromphealthypindividualsp
2.Thepsuspectedpmicroorganismspmustpbepisolatedpandpgrownpinppurepculturep
,3.pThepsamepdiseasepmustpresultpwhenpthepisolatedpmicroorganismpispinoculatedpintopap
healthyphostp
4.pThepsamepmicroorganismpmustpbepisolatedpagainpfrompthepdiseasedphost
LimitationspofpKoch'spPostulatesp-pANSWERppp-
Someporganismspcannotpbepgrownpinppurepculture
-Usingphumanspinpcompletingptheppostulatespispunethical
-Molecularpandpgeneticpevidencepmaypreplace
WhatpvaccinationpdidpEdwardpJennerpmake?p-pANSWERpppsmallpoxpvaccination
WhatpvaccinationspdidpPasteurpproduce?p-
pANSWERpppchickenpcholera,prabiespandpanthrax
Whopinducedpformationpofpdippedptoxin-antitoxinsprabbitsp-
pANSWERpppEmilpvonpBehringpandpShibasaburopKitasato
Whopshowedpthatpthepsilkwormpdiseasepwaspcausedpbypfungus?p-pANSWERpppBassi
WhopdemonstratedpthatpthepGreatpPotatopBlightpofpIrelandpwaspcausedpbypapwaterpmold
?p-pANSWERpppM.J.pBerkeley
Whopshowedpthatpthepperbrinepdiseasepofpsilkwormspwaspcausedpbypapprotozoanpparas
ite?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Apsimplepmorphologypandplackpaptruepmembrane-delimitedpnucleusp-
pANSWERpppprokaryotes
Whatpispapmorphologicallypcomplexpandphaspapmembrane-enclosedpnucleus?p-
pANSWERpppEucaryotes
Whatpletptopthepdiscoverypofpvirusespaspdiseasepcausingpagents?p-
pANSWERpppbacterialpfilterpthatpremovedpbacteriapandplargerpmicrobesp(CharlespChamb
erland)
Thepfivepkingdompclassificationpschemepisp-
pANSWERpppthepMoneraporpProcaryotae,pProtista,pFungi,pAnimalia,pandpPlantae
Whatparepribozymes?p-
pANSWERpppRNApmoleculespthatpformppeptidepbondspandpperformpcellularpworkpandpre
plication
Thepthreepdomainpschemepisp-pANSWERpppBacteria,pArchaea,pandpEucarya
Thepthreepdomainpschemepispbasedpon?p-
pANSWERpppapcomparaisonpofpribosomalpRNA
Thepearliestpcellspmayphavepbeenp-pANSWERpppRNApsurroundedpbypliposomes
Whatparepthepthreepbacterialpmorphology?p-pANSWERppp-bacillusp(littleprod)
,-coccusp(grainporpberry)
-spirillump(coiledporphelical)
Whatpareptheptypespofplightpmicroscopes?p-pANSWERppp-bright-fieldpmicroscope
-dark-fieldpmicroscope
-phase-contrastpmicroscope
-fluorescencepmicroscopes
Whatpispapmeasurepofphowpgreatlypapsubstancepslowspthepvelocitypofplight?p-
pANSWERpppRefractivepindex
Thepdirectionpandpmagnitudepofpbendingplightpinpapmicroscopepispdeterminedpbypthep___
__p-pANSWERppprefractivepindexespofptheptwopmediapformingpthepinterface
Whichpmicroscopepproducespapdarkpimagepagainstpapbrighterpbackground?p-
pANSWERpppthepbright-fieldpmicroscope
Whatpispthepproductpofpthepmagnificationspofpthepocularplenspandpthepobjectiveplens?p-
pANSWERppptheptotalpmagnification
Whatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepbrightpfield,pdarkpfield,pandpphase-
contrastpmicroscopes?p-pANSWERppp2000x
Whatpisptheptotalpresolutionpofpthepbrightpfield,pdarkpfield,pandpphasepcontrastpmicroscop
es?p-pANSWERppp0.2um
Whatpisptheppurposepofpthepbrightpfieldpmicroscope?p-
pANSWERpppforplivepandppreservedpstainedpspecimens
Whatpisptheppurposepofpthepdarkpfieldpmicroscope?p-
pANSWERppptopobservepliving,punstainedppreparations
Whichpmicroscopesparepgoodpforpobservingplivingpcells?p-pANSWERppp-
ThepDifferentialpInterferencepContrastpMicroscope
-Phase-contrastpmicroscope
Whichpmicroscopepenhancespthepcontrastpbetweenpintracellularpstructuresphavingpsligh
tpdifferencespinptheprefractivepindex?p-pANSWERpppphase-contrastpmicroscope
Whichpmicroscopepshowspapbrightpimagepofpthepobjectpresultingpfrompthepfluorescentplig
htpemittedpbypthepspecimen?p-pANSWERpppthepfluorescencepmicroscope
Thepfluorescencepmicroscopepexposespthepspecimenptopwhatptypespofplight?p-
pANSWERpppuv,pviolet,porpblue
Thepdistancepbetweenpthepcenterpofptheplenspandpfocalppoint?p-pANSWERpppfocalplength
Thepshorterpthepfocalppoint,pthep______pthepmagnificationp-pANSWERpppgreater
Thepshorterpthepwavelength,pthep______pthepresolutionp-pANSWERpppgreater
, Thepdistancepbetweenpthepfrontpsurfacepofplenspandpsurfacepofpcoverpglassponpspecime
np-pANSWERpppWorkingpdistance
Aspthepworkingpdistancepdecrease,pthepfieldpofpviewp_____p-pANSWERpppdecrease
Aspthepfieldpofpviewpdecrease,ptheplightpgetsp____p-pANSWERpppdimmer
Whatpisptheppurposepofpaddingpthepimmersionpoil?p-
pANSWERppptopobtainpmoreplightpbypprovidingpthepsameprefractionpenergypaspglass
Aspthepmagnificationpincreases,pwhatphappensptopthepfocalplength?p-
pANSWERpppitpdecrease
Whatpispthepchargepofpapbacteriapcellpsurface?p-pANSWERpppnegativepcharge
Whatpispthepchargepofpbasicpdyes?p-pANSWERppppositivepcharge
Whatpispthepchargepofpacidpdyes?p-pANSWERpppnegativepcharge
Apthin,puniformpfilmpofpbacterialpgrowthponpapglasspslidepinporderptopproceedpwithpfurtherp
stainingpforpmicroscopicpexaminationp-pANSWERpppsmear
Thepprocesspbypwhichporganismpispkilledpandpfirmlypattachedptopmicroscopepslidep-
pANSWERpppfixation
Heatpfixationpvs.pChemicalpfixingp(notpthepprocedure)p-pANSWERppp-
heatpfixationppreservespoverallpshapepbutpnotpinternalpstructures
-
chemicalpfixingpprotectspfinepcellularpstructurepandpshapepofplarger,pmorepdelicateporga
nisms
Whatpinformationpdoespdifferentialpstainingpprovide?p-
pANSWERpppdividespmicroorganismspintopgroupspbasedponptheirpstainingpproperties
Whatpispthepmostpwidelypusedpdifferentialpstainingpprocedure?p-
pANSWERpppgrampstaining
Negativepstainingp-pANSWERpppthepbacteriapispnotpstained;pthepbackgroundpispstained
Whatpispshadowingpinpelectronpmicroscopy?p-
pANSWERpppcoatingpspecimenpwithpapthinpfilmpof pheavypmetal
WhatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepTransmissionpElectronpMicroscopepandpthepScan
ningpElectronpMicroscope?p-pANSWERppp1,000,000x
WhatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepScanningpElectronpMicroscope?p-
pANSWERppp1,000,000x
p p p p p p p p
Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L Slon
p p p p p p p p p
czewski
Whatpispthepconceptpofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-
pANSWERppplivingporganismspcouldpdeveloppfrompnonlivingporpdecomposingpmatter
Whopchallengedpthepconceptpofpspontaneouspgenerationpbypshowingpthatpmaggotsponp
decayingpmeatpcamepfrompflies,pnotpfrompthepmeatpitself?p-pANSWERpppFrancescopRedi
Whopshowedpthatpmuttonpbrothpboiledpinpflaskspandpthenpsealedpcouldpstillpdeveloppmicr
oorganisms,pwhichpsupportedptheptheorypofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-
pANSWERpppJohnpNeedham
Whopshowedpthatpflaskspsealedpandpthenpboiledphadpnopgrowthpofpmicroorganisms?p-
pANSWERpppLazzaropSpallanzani
Whopproposedpthatpairpcarriedpgerms?p-pANSWERpppSpallanzani
Whopdisprovedptheptheorypofpspontaneouspgeneration?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Whopdemonstratedpthatpdustpcarriedpmicrobespandpprovedpevidencepforpthepexistencep
ofpheat-presistantpformspofpbacteria?p-pANSWERpppJohnpTyndall
Whopshowedpthatpapsilkwormpdiseasepwaspcausedpbypapfungus?p-
pANSWERpppAgostinopBassi
WhopdemonstratedpthatpthepGreatpPotatopBlightpwaspcausedpbypapwaterpmold?p-
pANSWERpppM.pJ.pBerkely
Whopshowedpthatptheppebrinepdiseasepofpsilkwormspwaspcausedpbypapprotozoanpparasi
te?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Whopdevelopedpapsystempofpsurgerypdesignedptoppreventpmicroorganismspfrompenterin
gpwounds?p-pANSWERpppJohnpLister
Whoptransformedptheppracticepofpsurgery?p-pANSWERpppJohnpLister
WhopestablishedptheprelationshippbetweenpBacilluspanthracispandpanthrax?p-
pANSWERpppRobertpKoch
WhatparepthepKochpPostulates?p-
pANSWERppp1.Thepmicroorganismspmustpbeppresentpinpeverypcasepofpthepdiseasepbutpa
bsentpfromphealthypindividualsp
2.Thepsuspectedpmicroorganismspmustpbepisolatedpandpgrownpinppurepculturep
,3.pThepsamepdiseasepmustpresultpwhenpthepisolatedpmicroorganismpispinoculatedpintopap
healthyphostp
4.pThepsamepmicroorganismpmustpbepisolatedpagainpfrompthepdiseasedphost
LimitationspofpKoch'spPostulatesp-pANSWERppp-
Someporganismspcannotpbepgrownpinppurepculture
-Usingphumanspinpcompletingptheppostulatespispunethical
-Molecularpandpgeneticpevidencepmaypreplace
WhatpvaccinationpdidpEdwardpJennerpmake?p-pANSWERpppsmallpoxpvaccination
WhatpvaccinationspdidpPasteurpproduce?p-
pANSWERpppchickenpcholera,prabiespandpanthrax
Whopinducedpformationpofpdippedptoxin-antitoxinsprabbitsp-
pANSWERpppEmilpvonpBehringpandpShibasaburopKitasato
Whopshowedpthatpthepsilkwormpdiseasepwaspcausedpbypfungus?p-pANSWERpppBassi
WhopdemonstratedpthatpthepGreatpPotatopBlightpofpIrelandpwaspcausedpbypapwaterpmold
?p-pANSWERpppM.J.pBerkeley
Whopshowedpthatpthepperbrinepdiseasepofpsilkwormspwaspcausedpbypapprotozoanpparas
ite?p-pANSWERpppLouispPasteur
Apsimplepmorphologypandplackpaptruepmembrane-delimitedpnucleusp-
pANSWERpppprokaryotes
Whatpispapmorphologicallypcomplexpandphaspapmembrane-enclosedpnucleus?p-
pANSWERpppEucaryotes
Whatpletptopthepdiscoverypofpvirusespaspdiseasepcausingpagents?p-
pANSWERpppbacterialpfilterpthatpremovedpbacteriapandplargerpmicrobesp(CharlespChamb
erland)
Thepfivepkingdompclassificationpschemepisp-
pANSWERpppthepMoneraporpProcaryotae,pProtista,pFungi,pAnimalia,pandpPlantae
Whatparepribozymes?p-
pANSWERpppRNApmoleculespthatpformppeptidepbondspandpperformpcellularpworkpandpre
plication
Thepthreepdomainpschemepisp-pANSWERpppBacteria,pArchaea,pandpEucarya
Thepthreepdomainpschemepispbasedpon?p-
pANSWERpppapcomparaisonpofpribosomalpRNA
Thepearliestpcellspmayphavepbeenp-pANSWERpppRNApsurroundedpbypliposomes
Whatparepthepthreepbacterialpmorphology?p-pANSWERppp-bacillusp(littleprod)
,-coccusp(grainporpberry)
-spirillump(coiledporphelical)
Whatpareptheptypespofplightpmicroscopes?p-pANSWERppp-bright-fieldpmicroscope
-dark-fieldpmicroscope
-phase-contrastpmicroscope
-fluorescencepmicroscopes
Whatpispapmeasurepofphowpgreatlypapsubstancepslowspthepvelocitypofplight?p-
pANSWERpppRefractivepindex
Thepdirectionpandpmagnitudepofpbendingplightpinpapmicroscopepispdeterminedpbypthep___
__p-pANSWERppprefractivepindexespofptheptwopmediapformingpthepinterface
Whichpmicroscopepproducespapdarkpimagepagainstpapbrighterpbackground?p-
pANSWERpppthepbright-fieldpmicroscope
Whatpispthepproductpofpthepmagnificationspofpthepocularplenspandpthepobjectiveplens?p-
pANSWERppptheptotalpmagnification
Whatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepbrightpfield,pdarkpfield,pandpphase-
contrastpmicroscopes?p-pANSWERppp2000x
Whatpisptheptotalpresolutionpofpthepbrightpfield,pdarkpfield,pandpphasepcontrastpmicroscop
es?p-pANSWERppp0.2um
Whatpisptheppurposepofpthepbrightpfieldpmicroscope?p-
pANSWERpppforplivepandppreservedpstainedpspecimens
Whatpisptheppurposepofpthepdarkpfieldpmicroscope?p-
pANSWERppptopobservepliving,punstainedppreparations
Whichpmicroscopesparepgoodpforpobservingplivingpcells?p-pANSWERppp-
ThepDifferentialpInterferencepContrastpMicroscope
-Phase-contrastpmicroscope
Whichpmicroscopepenhancespthepcontrastpbetweenpintracellularpstructuresphavingpsligh
tpdifferencespinptheprefractivepindex?p-pANSWERpppphase-contrastpmicroscope
Whichpmicroscopepshowspapbrightpimagepofpthepobjectpresultingpfrompthepfluorescentplig
htpemittedpbypthepspecimen?p-pANSWERpppthepfluorescencepmicroscope
Thepfluorescencepmicroscopepexposespthepspecimenptopwhatptypespofplight?p-
pANSWERpppuv,pviolet,porpblue
Thepdistancepbetweenpthepcenterpofptheplenspandpfocalppoint?p-pANSWERpppfocalplength
Thepshorterpthepfocalppoint,pthep______pthepmagnificationp-pANSWERpppgreater
Thepshorterpthepwavelength,pthep______pthepresolutionp-pANSWERpppgreater
, Thepdistancepbetweenpthepfrontpsurfacepofplenspandpsurfacepofpcoverpglassponpspecime
np-pANSWERpppWorkingpdistance
Aspthepworkingpdistancepdecrease,pthepfieldpofpviewp_____p-pANSWERpppdecrease
Aspthepfieldpofpviewpdecrease,ptheplightpgetsp____p-pANSWERpppdimmer
Whatpisptheppurposepofpaddingpthepimmersionpoil?p-
pANSWERppptopobtainpmoreplightpbypprovidingpthepsameprefractionpenergypaspglass
Aspthepmagnificationpincreases,pwhatphappensptopthepfocalplength?p-
pANSWERpppitpdecrease
Whatpispthepchargepofpapbacteriapcellpsurface?p-pANSWERpppnegativepcharge
Whatpispthepchargepofpbasicpdyes?p-pANSWERppppositivepcharge
Whatpispthepchargepofpacidpdyes?p-pANSWERpppnegativepcharge
Apthin,puniformpfilmpofpbacterialpgrowthponpapglasspslidepinporderptopproceedpwithpfurtherp
stainingpforpmicroscopicpexaminationp-pANSWERpppsmear
Thepprocesspbypwhichporganismpispkilledpandpfirmlypattachedptopmicroscopepslidep-
pANSWERpppfixation
Heatpfixationpvs.pChemicalpfixingp(notpthepprocedure)p-pANSWERppp-
heatpfixationppreservespoverallpshapepbutpnotpinternalpstructures
-
chemicalpfixingpprotectspfinepcellularpstructurepandpshapepofplarger,pmorepdelicateporga
nisms
Whatpinformationpdoespdifferentialpstainingpprovide?p-
pANSWERpppdividespmicroorganismspintopgroupspbasedponptheirpstainingpproperties
Whatpispthepmostpwidelypusedpdifferentialpstainingpprocedure?p-
pANSWERpppgrampstaining
Negativepstainingp-pANSWERpppthepbacteriapispnotpstained;pthepbackgroundpispstained
Whatpispshadowingpinpelectronpmicroscopy?p-
pANSWERpppcoatingpspecimenpwithpapthinpfilmpof pheavypmetal
WhatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepTransmissionpElectronpMicroscopepandpthepScan
ningpElectronpMicroscope?p-pANSWERppp1,000,000x
WhatpisptheptotalpmagnificationpofpthepScanningpElectronpMicroscope?p-
pANSWERppp1,000,000x
