Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts ad
Clinical Perspectives F.A. Davis (FINAL)
Exam Latest 2025 With Comprehensive
Questions And Verified Answers Graded A+
The serum _________ level is used to evaluate an individuals nutritional level -
CORRECT ANSWER-albumin
isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- no shift
0.9% NaCl "normal saline"
TX
keep an open IV
with blood transfusion
hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- add water to the bloodstream causing a
fluid shift form the ECF to ICF
0.45% "half normal saline"
, TX
dehydration
hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- add solutes to th ebloodstrea, causing a
fluid shift from ICF to ECF = shrinking cells
mannitol
TX
cerebral edema
IV solution similar to blood ___________ ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lactic
ringers "LR"
NEVER BOLUS K+ - CORRECT ANSWER-Will cause cardiac arrest
IV K+ must be diluted (40 mEq through a central venous line) - emergent
__________ and _________ are often used together to treat heart failure. However this
can lead to Hypokalemia and __________ tox and arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER-
Digitalis and hydrocholothiazide
Digitalis
An aldosterone antagonist that causes the retention of K+ - CORRECT ANSWER-
spironolatone
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER->5.2
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-<3.5
Food high in K+
OJ, banana, dried fruit, meats
PO RX 20-60 mEQ/day
Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER-
S/S Fluid Volume Deficit - CORRECT ANSWER-Dark urine with high specific gravity
Dry mucous membrane
Low urine output
Ortho Hypo
Poor skin turgor
Thirst
WT loss
Clinical Perspectives F.A. Davis (FINAL)
Exam Latest 2025 With Comprehensive
Questions And Verified Answers Graded A+
The serum _________ level is used to evaluate an individuals nutritional level -
CORRECT ANSWER-albumin
isotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- no shift
0.9% NaCl "normal saline"
TX
keep an open IV
with blood transfusion
hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- add water to the bloodstream causing a
fluid shift form the ECF to ICF
0.45% "half normal saline"
, TX
dehydration
hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-- add solutes to th ebloodstrea, causing a
fluid shift from ICF to ECF = shrinking cells
mannitol
TX
cerebral edema
IV solution similar to blood ___________ ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Lactic
ringers "LR"
NEVER BOLUS K+ - CORRECT ANSWER-Will cause cardiac arrest
IV K+ must be diluted (40 mEq through a central venous line) - emergent
__________ and _________ are often used together to treat heart failure. However this
can lead to Hypokalemia and __________ tox and arrhythmia - CORRECT ANSWER-
Digitalis and hydrocholothiazide
Digitalis
An aldosterone antagonist that causes the retention of K+ - CORRECT ANSWER-
spironolatone
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER->5.2
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-<3.5
Food high in K+
OJ, banana, dried fruit, meats
PO RX 20-60 mEQ/day
Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER-
S/S Fluid Volume Deficit - CORRECT ANSWER-Dark urine with high specific gravity
Dry mucous membrane
Low urine output
Ortho Hypo
Poor skin turgor
Thirst
WT loss
