CHAPTER 16: Fundamentals of Nursing, 2nd Edition – Active Learning for Collaborative Practice by Yoost & Crawford

Fundamentals of Nursing, 2nd Edition – Active Learning for Collaborative Practice by Yoost & Crawford Chapter 16: Health and Wellness Multiple Choice Questions 1. The nurse knows the World Health Organization defines health in which of the following terms as a state of complete well-being rather than just the absence of disease? A. The absence of disease B. The lack of infirmity C. Complete well-being D. Being independent of fiscal responsibility Answer: C Explanation: The World Health Organization defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being," emphasizing holistic wellness beyond mere absence of illness. This definition guides nurses in promoting optimal health. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A and B are incorrect because they focus solely on the absence of disease or infirmity, ignoring the broader aspects of well-being. D is irrelevant to the WHO's definition of health. 2. Several models exist that describe the relationship between health and wellness. Which model is represented as a pyramid and explains the interrelationship between basic survival needs and personal growth desires? A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs B. Health Belief Model C. Health Promotion Model D. Holistic Health Model Answer: A Explanation: Maslow's hierarchy of needs organizes human needs into a pyramid, prioritizing physiologic needs at the base and self-actualization at the top, illustrating how survival drives personal development. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B focuses on attitudes and beliefs predicting health behavior. C defines health as dynamic well-being. D emphasizes mind-body-environment synergy, not hierarchical needs. 3. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a hip fracture. Which model would the nurse use to prioritize the patient's care based on fundamental needs? A. The Health Belief Model B. Pender's Health Promotion Model C. Maslow's hierarchy of needs D. The Holistic Health Model Answer: C Explanation: Maslow's hierarchy helps prioritize care by addressing physiologic needs (e.g., pain management) first, ensuring survival before higher-level needs like mobility or independence. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A predicts health behavior, not care prioritization. B promotes wellness, not acute care. D focuses on holistic therapies, not immediate needs. 4. The nurse is preparing a patient teaching plan for diabetes management and seeks a model to assess the patient's readiness for lifestyle changes. Which model would be most useful? A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs B. Holistic Health Model C. Health Promotion Model D. Health Belief Model Answer: D Explanation: The Health Belief Model evaluates attitudes and perceived risks, helping nurses tailor education to motivate behavior change, such as diabetes self-management. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A addresses needs prioritization, not behavior change. B focuses on mind-body connections. C emphasizes dynamic well-being, not readiness. 5. According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following patients would be most likely to change health behavior due to perceived susceptibility? A. The person who perceives that he is at risk for colon cancer B. The person who recognizes that colon cancer is easily cured C. The person who believes that behavior can change outcomes D. The patient who faces multiple social barriers Answer: A Explanation: The model predicts action when individuals perceive susceptibility to a condition (e.g., colon cancer risk), driving preventive behavior. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B underestimates severity, reducing motivation. C reflects self efficacy, not susceptibility. D highlights barriers, not perceived risk. 6. The nurse recognizes that intentional behaviors to circumvent illness, detect it early, and maintain optimal function within illness boundaries define which term? A. Health promotion B. Self-actualization C. Health protection D. Self-transcendence Answer: C Explanation: Health protection involves proactive measures like screenings and symptom management to mitigate illness impact, aligning with the description. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A focuses on enhancing well-being, not illness management. B and D relate to personal growth, not health behaviors. 7. The nurse caring for a patient with chronic pain uses guided imagery and relaxation techniques. What type of approach is this? A. Holistic B. Eastern holistic C. Risk factor reduction D. Health protection Answer: A Explanation: Holistic care integrates complementary therapies (e.g., guided imagery) to address mind-body connections, supporting overall well-being. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B refers to specific Eastern practices like acupuncture. C targets disease prevention. D focuses on illness management, not therapies. 8. An overweight smoker with elevated blood pressure begins walking and reducing cigarettes. The nurse identifies these actions as what initial behavior? A. Risk factor reduction B. Self-actualization C. Self-transcendence D. Health promotion Answer: A Explanation: Step-by-step improvements (e.g., exercise, smoking reduction) lower disease likelihood, exemplifying risk factor reduction. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B and D involve higher-level growth or wellness, not incremental changes. C describes peak existential experiences. 9. The nurse recognizes the nursing goal for individuals seeking preventive care is to encourage which action? A. Take responsibility for their health and wellness B. Abandon the use of electronic educational media C. Make lifestyle changes after diseases occur D. Use temporary changes until the danger has passed Answer: A Explanation: Preventive care aims to empower individuals to adopt lifelong healthy choices, fostering accountability for their well-being. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B dismisses valuable educational tools. C and D promote reactive or short-term changes, contrary to prevention goals. 10. The nurse knows that using seatbelts and airbags in automobiles is an example of which prevention level? A. Secondary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Holistic care D. Primary prevention Answer: D Explanation: Primary prevention (e.g., seatbelts) avoids injury before it occurs, aligning with pre-disease interventions. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B manages existing conditions. C involves therapies. A detects latent disease. 11. A 40-year-old with a family history of breast cancer receives a mammogram. The nurse identifies this as what prevention level? A. Tertiary B. Primary C. Secondary D. Holistic Answer: C Explanation: Secondary prevention (e.g., mammograms) detects latent disease early in at-risk populations, enabling timely treatment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A manages irreversible conditions. B prevents disease onset. D is unrelated to screening. 12. The nurse explains collaborative health care partnerships are designed to achieve which outcome? A. Provide fragmented care for single disease elements B. Deliver well-balanced care to the patient as a whole C. Exclude patient participation in care planning D. Delegate education to assistive personnel Answer: B Explanation: Collaborative care integrates multidisciplinary services to address holistic patient needs, improving overall outcomes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A contradicts collaborative goals. C and D undermine patient centered care principles. 13. A patient with abrupt fever, cough, and pneumonia expected to resolve in weeks is experiencing what type of illness? A. Acute B. Chronic C. Remission D. Exacerbation Answer: A Explanation: Acute illness involves sudden onset and short duration (6 months), often resolving with treatment, as described. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B involves long-term, irreversible conditions. C and D describe phases of chronic illness. 14. When caring for patients with chronic illness, the nurse should focus on which approach? A. Emphasize the permanence of the illness B. Highlight patient blame for the condition C. Improve quality of life through preventive behaviors D. Acknowledge limitations imposed by suffering Answer: C Explanation: Chronic care prioritizes enhancing life quality via symptom management and preventive strategies, fostering patient empowerment. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A and D foster helplessness. B is non-therapeutic and inaccurate. 15. A patient's sick role is legitimized by a provider. According to Suchman's Model, this is which stage? A. I B. II C. III D. IV Answer: C Explanation: Stage III involves seeking professional validation of illness, legitimizing the sick role and initiating formal care. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is symptom recognition. B is self-assuming the sick role. IV involves treatment dependence. 16. When considering age's impact on health, which patient has the greatest risk due to immune function? A. 10-year-old girl B. 23-year-old woman C. 47-year-old man D. 85-year-old woman Answer: D Explanation: Older adults have diminished immune function, increasing susceptibility to infections and chronic disease complications. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A has immature immunity but less risk than aging. B and C are typically healthier adults. 17. When discussing infant immunizations, the nurse should prioritize which approach with parents? A. Provide scientific evidence for informed decisions B. Stress that nonimmunization is a crime C. State immunizations are unnecessary D. Remove parental choice Answer: A Explanation: Evidence-based education empowers parents to make informed, autonomous decisions about immunizations. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B and D are coercive. C contradicts public health guidelines. 18. Which statement correctly defines genetic vulnerability? A. It is involuntarily passed from parents to offspring B. It is unrelated to environmental factors C. It is unchangeable by lifestyle D. It does not affect mental illness Answer: A Explanation: Genetic vulnerability is inherited and influences disease risk, though environment and lifestyle can modulate expression. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B ignores gene-environment interactions. C and D are false; lifestyle and mental illness are influenced. 19. A patient asks about Internet resources for lifestyle modifications. What should the nurse recommend? A. Avoid all online health information B. Use easy-to-understand, reputable websites C. Only consult provider-only sites D. Focus solely on negative outcomes Answer: B Explanation: Peer-reviewed, patient-friendly websites (e.g., Healthy People 2020) offer reliable, actionable health information. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A dismisses valuable resources. C excludes patient education. D overlooks positive behavior benefits. 20. The nurse notes a child rarely plays outside due to safety concerns. What is true about indoor environments? A. They eliminate toxic chemical exposure B. They may result from unsafe outdoor conditions C. They reduce respiratory illness risk D. They prevent sedentary behaviors Answer: B Explanation: Unsafe outdoor environments (e.g., traffic, crime) often force children indoors, increasing sedentary risks. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is false; indoors harbor toxins. C and D are incorrect; indoors increase respiratory and inactivity risks. 21. Which illness triggers the broadest emotional and behavioral responses? A. Ear infection B. Mild concussion C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Influenza Answer: C Explanation: Chronic, debilitating illnesses (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) profoundly impact lifestyle and emotional well-being long-term. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A, B, and D are acute, minimally disruptive conditions. 22. Which statement accurately describes self-concept? A. Negative self-concept enhances strength development B. Positive self-concept views challenges as devastating C. It is internally derived, independent of relationships D. It depends on family and social interactions Answer: D Explanation: Self-concept reflects perceived identity shaped by social relationships and external validation. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A and B invert the effects of self-concept. C ignores relational influences. MULTIPLE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 1. Which recommendations align with appropriate screening guidelines? A. Women ages 21–29: Pap test every 3 years B. Teach breast self-exams to all genders C. Adolescent males: monthly testicular self-exams D. Women ages 30–65: Pap test every 10 years E. Post-hysterectomy: more frequent Pap tests Answer: A, B, C Explanation: Guidelines recommend Pap tests every 3 years for 21–29-year-olds, universal breast self-exam education, and testicular self-exams for adolescent males. Why Other Options Are Wrong: D is incorrect; co-testing (Pap + HPV) every 5 years is advised. E is false; post-hysterectomy patients without cancer history need no screening. 2. Which are benefits of regular physical exercise? A. Enhances immune function B. Decreases bone density C. Limits joint mobility D. Improves mental health E. Prevents type 2 diabetes Answer: A, D, E Explanation: Exercise boosts immunity, mental health, and diabetes prevention while maintaining bone density and joint flexibility. Why Other Options Are Wrong: B and C are false; exercise increases bone density and joint mobility. 3. Which statements about screening examinations are true? A. Free screenings guarantee participation B. Fear of positive results may deter screening C. Early screening reduces treatment costs D. Screening ensures employment stability E. Treatment often causes lost wages Answer: B, E Explanation: Economic and psychological barriers (e.g., fear, lost wages) hinder screening uptake despite availability. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is false; cost isn’t the only barrier. C and D overstate screening’s economic impact.