Fundamentals of Nursing, 2nd Edition – Active Learning for
Collaborative Practice by Yoost & Crawford
Chapter 41: Urinary Elimination
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from septic shock who developed renal
failure in the ICU. Which type of renal failure did this patient most likely
experience?
A. Prerenal.
B. Renal.
C. Postrenal.
D. Mixed.
Answer: A
Explanation: Prerenal failure results from reduced blood flow to the kidneys, which occurs in
septic shock due to vascular collapse or low cardiac output. Renal and postrenal failures involve
structural kidney damage or urinary obstruction, respectively.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: B is incorrect because renal failure involves direct kidney
damage. C is incorrect as postrenal failure stems from urinary tract obstruction. D is incorrect as
mixed failure is not typical in this scenario.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient with a neurological condition causing excessive
thirst and voiding 3–4 L of clear yellow urine daily. Which term describes this
patient's urinary output?
A. Anuria.
B. Oliguria.
C. Polyuria.
D. Enuresis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Polyuria is defined as urine output exceeding 2500 mL/day, often due to excessive
fluid intake or diabetes insipidus. Anuria and oliguria indicate absent or insufficient urine, while
enuresis refers to nighttime bedwetting.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as anuria means no urine output. B is incorrect
because oliguria involves reduced output. D is incorrect as enuresis is unrelated to volume.
, 3. The nurse is caring for a patient with stress incontinence. Which goal is most
important for this patient?
A. Complete a voiding diary for 2 weeks.
B. Avoid involuntary urination during coughing or sneezing.
C. Recognize and manage perineal dermatitis.
D. Demonstrate proper use of incontinence products.
Answer: B
Explanation: Stress incontinence involves urine leakage during physical exertion; the primary
goal is achieving continence during activities like coughing. Other goals are secondary if
continence is maintained.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as it is an assessment tool, not an outcome. C and
D are incorrect because they address complications, not the root issue.
4. A postoperative patient has not voided for 8 hours after catheter removal and
reports suprapubic pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Encourage fluids and administer a diuretic.
B. Obtain a urine sample for culture.
C. Calculate intake and output.
D. Straight-catheterize the patient per order.
Answer: D
Explanation: Acute urinary retention requires immediate bladder drainage via straight
catheterization to relieve pain and prevent complications like bladder injury.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as it exacerbates retention. B is incorrect because
infection is not the priority. C is incorrect as it delays treatment.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient post-ileal conduit surgery. Which nursing diagnosis
is the highest priority?
A. Impaired sexual function.
B. Social isolation.
C. Lack of ostomy care knowledge.
D. Disturbed body image.
Answer: C
Explanation: Proper stoma and appliance care is critical to prevent complications like skin
breakdown. Other diagnoses are important but secondary to immediate care needs.
Collaborative Practice by Yoost & Crawford
Chapter 41: Urinary Elimination
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from septic shock who developed renal
failure in the ICU. Which type of renal failure did this patient most likely
experience?
A. Prerenal.
B. Renal.
C. Postrenal.
D. Mixed.
Answer: A
Explanation: Prerenal failure results from reduced blood flow to the kidneys, which occurs in
septic shock due to vascular collapse or low cardiac output. Renal and postrenal failures involve
structural kidney damage or urinary obstruction, respectively.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: B is incorrect because renal failure involves direct kidney
damage. C is incorrect as postrenal failure stems from urinary tract obstruction. D is incorrect as
mixed failure is not typical in this scenario.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient with a neurological condition causing excessive
thirst and voiding 3–4 L of clear yellow urine daily. Which term describes this
patient's urinary output?
A. Anuria.
B. Oliguria.
C. Polyuria.
D. Enuresis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Polyuria is defined as urine output exceeding 2500 mL/day, often due to excessive
fluid intake or diabetes insipidus. Anuria and oliguria indicate absent or insufficient urine, while
enuresis refers to nighttime bedwetting.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as anuria means no urine output. B is incorrect
because oliguria involves reduced output. D is incorrect as enuresis is unrelated to volume.
, 3. The nurse is caring for a patient with stress incontinence. Which goal is most
important for this patient?
A. Complete a voiding diary for 2 weeks.
B. Avoid involuntary urination during coughing or sneezing.
C. Recognize and manage perineal dermatitis.
D. Demonstrate proper use of incontinence products.
Answer: B
Explanation: Stress incontinence involves urine leakage during physical exertion; the primary
goal is achieving continence during activities like coughing. Other goals are secondary if
continence is maintained.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as it is an assessment tool, not an outcome. C and
D are incorrect because they address complications, not the root issue.
4. A postoperative patient has not voided for 8 hours after catheter removal and
reports suprapubic pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
A. Encourage fluids and administer a diuretic.
B. Obtain a urine sample for culture.
C. Calculate intake and output.
D. Straight-catheterize the patient per order.
Answer: D
Explanation: Acute urinary retention requires immediate bladder drainage via straight
catheterization to relieve pain and prevent complications like bladder injury.
Why Other Options Are Wrong: A is incorrect as it exacerbates retention. B is incorrect because
infection is not the priority. C is incorrect as it delays treatment.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient post-ileal conduit surgery. Which nursing diagnosis
is the highest priority?
A. Impaired sexual function.
B. Social isolation.
C. Lack of ostomy care knowledge.
D. Disturbed body image.
Answer: C
Explanation: Proper stoma and appliance care is critical to prevent complications like skin
breakdown. Other diagnoses are important but secondary to immediate care needs.
