NUR504 EXAM 180 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is pulmonary edema? - ANSWER-Fluid buildup in the alveoli in the lungs and
causes edema
What is pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
What is included in the upper respiratory system? - ANSWER-Nares, sinuses,
turbinates, pharynx and larynx
What is included in the lower respiratory system? - ANSWER-Trachea,
bronchi/bronchioles, and alveoli/alveolar ducts
Describe the air pathway in the body - ANSWER-Air enters upper airway->alveoli-
>alveolar capillaries-> pulmonary vein-> L side of heart-> body tissues
Describe the oxygenation dissociation curve - ANSWER-Determines the amount of
oxygen released from Hgb
Left shift- Tissues need less O2
Right shift- Release of O2 quickly to tissues
Bronchial lung sounds - ANSWER-I<E
,Bronchvesicular breath sounds - ANSWER-I=E
vesicular lung sounds - ANSWER-I>E
What are some s/s of pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased
O2, tachy, pain, CP, cough, orthopnea
Also increased risk for infection
What is used to diagnose pleural effusion? - ANSWER-CXR, CT scan, US of chest
What is the treatment for pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Depends on underlying
cause
-Thoracentesis, chest tubes
What are the 2 types of pleural effusions? - ANSWER-1. Transudative- fluid filters
across intact capillaries
2. Exudative- extravasation (pus)--usually includes an empyema
What is an empyema? - ANSWER-Pus in the pleural space (pleural effusion)
-Caused by bacteria (pneumonia), tumor, drug use, surgery/trauma
True or False: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening event. - ANSWER-True
What are some causes for pulm edema? - ANSWER-Heart failure, MI, mitral valve
dz
, What are some s/s of pulmonary edema? - ANSWER-Crackles, dyspnea at rest,
confusion, tachy, decreased U/O, Cough with frothy pink sputum, Dysrhythmias
What are some nursing considerations for pulm edema? - ANSWER-High Fowler's
if not hypotensive, provide O2
What is the treatment for pulm edema? - ANSWER-Diuretics, morphine,
bronchodilators
-Nitro if BP is >100mmHg
-If severe, ultrafiltration
What is a pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Accumulation of air in the pleural space
Decribe the 2 types of pneumothorax - ANSWER-1. Spontaneous- Sudden onset of
air in pleural space (results in deflation of the affected lung)
2. Tension- Gradual buildup of air under pressure (results in decreased filling of
both the heart and lungs)
What are the S/S of a pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Moderate to sever dyspnea
Severe chest discomfort, CP
Diminished breath sounds on affected side
Asymmetric lung expansion
Tracheal deviation to unaffected side
Air hunger
Agitation, hypotension, cyanosis
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is pulmonary edema? - ANSWER-Fluid buildup in the alveoli in the lungs and
causes edema
What is pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
What is included in the upper respiratory system? - ANSWER-Nares, sinuses,
turbinates, pharynx and larynx
What is included in the lower respiratory system? - ANSWER-Trachea,
bronchi/bronchioles, and alveoli/alveolar ducts
Describe the air pathway in the body - ANSWER-Air enters upper airway->alveoli-
>alveolar capillaries-> pulmonary vein-> L side of heart-> body tissues
Describe the oxygenation dissociation curve - ANSWER-Determines the amount of
oxygen released from Hgb
Left shift- Tissues need less O2
Right shift- Release of O2 quickly to tissues
Bronchial lung sounds - ANSWER-I<E
,Bronchvesicular breath sounds - ANSWER-I=E
vesicular lung sounds - ANSWER-I>E
What are some s/s of pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased
O2, tachy, pain, CP, cough, orthopnea
Also increased risk for infection
What is used to diagnose pleural effusion? - ANSWER-CXR, CT scan, US of chest
What is the treatment for pleural effusion? - ANSWER-Depends on underlying
cause
-Thoracentesis, chest tubes
What are the 2 types of pleural effusions? - ANSWER-1. Transudative- fluid filters
across intact capillaries
2. Exudative- extravasation (pus)--usually includes an empyema
What is an empyema? - ANSWER-Pus in the pleural space (pleural effusion)
-Caused by bacteria (pneumonia), tumor, drug use, surgery/trauma
True or False: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening event. - ANSWER-True
What are some causes for pulm edema? - ANSWER-Heart failure, MI, mitral valve
dz
, What are some s/s of pulmonary edema? - ANSWER-Crackles, dyspnea at rest,
confusion, tachy, decreased U/O, Cough with frothy pink sputum, Dysrhythmias
What are some nursing considerations for pulm edema? - ANSWER-High Fowler's
if not hypotensive, provide O2
What is the treatment for pulm edema? - ANSWER-Diuretics, morphine,
bronchodilators
-Nitro if BP is >100mmHg
-If severe, ultrafiltration
What is a pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Accumulation of air in the pleural space
Decribe the 2 types of pneumothorax - ANSWER-1. Spontaneous- Sudden onset of
air in pleural space (results in deflation of the affected lung)
2. Tension- Gradual buildup of air under pressure (results in decreased filling of
both the heart and lungs)
What are the S/S of a pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Moderate to sever dyspnea
Severe chest discomfort, CP
Diminished breath sounds on affected side
Asymmetric lung expansion
Tracheal deviation to unaffected side
Air hunger
Agitation, hypotension, cyanosis
