CRJS 1001 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS |
& ANSWERS(RATED A+)
criminology - ANSWERa body of knowledge that regards crime as a social
phenomenon
6 major areas of the discipline of criminology - ANSWER1. the definition of of crime
and criminals
2. the origins and role of the law
3. the social distribution of crime
4. the causation of crime
5. patterns of criminal behaviour
6. societal reactions to crime
small scale societies and informal social control - ANSWER-cooperation and equality
-collective solidarity
European formalized law - ANSWERcapitalist modes of production
criminal law - ANSWERformal rules that govern behaviour un society
advisor systems - ANSWERdisputants sought the counsel of an advisor
-high status men who were settling disputes harmoniously increased their status as
advisors
feudalism - ANSWER-social system based on tenure of land which was the
dominant form of capital in an agrarian mode of production
-redress was replaced by feudal lords and laws to settle disputes
-central authority of the king replaced feudal lords
crisis of legitimacy - ANSWERthe state no longer maintains the authority to govern
restorative justice - ANSWERrepresents a return to small scale society dispute
settlement
classical school - ANSWERliberalism and utilitarianism to the justice system
-rights, fairness and due process
positivist schools - ANSWERlombroso: stigma and atavism
-physical characteristics, criminals are less evolved
Sheldon: somatotype theory
-body type and criminality
Goddard: intelligence and criminality
critiques of biological theories - ANSWERassociated with racism and eugenics
-overly deterministic and malecentric
, psychological theories of crime - ANSWERpersonality or leaning that accounts for a
persons behaviour
2 assumptions
1. offender deficit
2. discriminating traits
Canadian centre for justice statistics (CCJS) - ANSWERdata on criminal incidents,
arrests, charged, convictions and dispositions have improved
the dark figure of crime - ANSWERcrime that remains unreported, unrecorded and
largely unknown
Uniform crime reports (UCR) - ANSWERprovide uniform and comparable national
stats
2 forms
UCR aggregate survey:
-summary data for 100 separate criminal offences
-criminal incidents for every 100,000 Canadians
-comparisons between jurisdictions or over time
-the more reliable data is, the less valid it becomes
-UCR incident based survey: more detailed info on incidents, victims and accused
victimization surveys - ANSWERmore Canadians are victimized than is in stats
-victims that don't file report
self report studies - ANSWERadministered among certain population
helpful for youth crime
records become stats through aggregation - ANSWERtaking all records and data
and identifying the way their connected, can still be misunderstood/ misinterpreted
pre-18th century theories of crime - ANSWERinspired by religious beliefs and
superstition
-temptation and possession
-brutal punishments
enlightenment era - ANSWERscientific and objective
-social contract: scientific approach to understanding crime and behaviour
community psychology - ANSWER1. individual level: individual deficits
2. small group level: group functioning deficits
3. organizational level: society have not accomplished what they are supposed to
4. institutional or community: social problems are created by institutions
psychoanalytic theory - ANSWERfreud: personality is composed of 3 forces
1. ID: biological drives
2. ego: directs the impulses of the id and acts as a reality tester
3. superego: conscious
& ANSWERS(RATED A+)
criminology - ANSWERa body of knowledge that regards crime as a social
phenomenon
6 major areas of the discipline of criminology - ANSWER1. the definition of of crime
and criminals
2. the origins and role of the law
3. the social distribution of crime
4. the causation of crime
5. patterns of criminal behaviour
6. societal reactions to crime
small scale societies and informal social control - ANSWER-cooperation and equality
-collective solidarity
European formalized law - ANSWERcapitalist modes of production
criminal law - ANSWERformal rules that govern behaviour un society
advisor systems - ANSWERdisputants sought the counsel of an advisor
-high status men who were settling disputes harmoniously increased their status as
advisors
feudalism - ANSWER-social system based on tenure of land which was the
dominant form of capital in an agrarian mode of production
-redress was replaced by feudal lords and laws to settle disputes
-central authority of the king replaced feudal lords
crisis of legitimacy - ANSWERthe state no longer maintains the authority to govern
restorative justice - ANSWERrepresents a return to small scale society dispute
settlement
classical school - ANSWERliberalism and utilitarianism to the justice system
-rights, fairness and due process
positivist schools - ANSWERlombroso: stigma and atavism
-physical characteristics, criminals are less evolved
Sheldon: somatotype theory
-body type and criminality
Goddard: intelligence and criminality
critiques of biological theories - ANSWERassociated with racism and eugenics
-overly deterministic and malecentric
, psychological theories of crime - ANSWERpersonality or leaning that accounts for a
persons behaviour
2 assumptions
1. offender deficit
2. discriminating traits
Canadian centre for justice statistics (CCJS) - ANSWERdata on criminal incidents,
arrests, charged, convictions and dispositions have improved
the dark figure of crime - ANSWERcrime that remains unreported, unrecorded and
largely unknown
Uniform crime reports (UCR) - ANSWERprovide uniform and comparable national
stats
2 forms
UCR aggregate survey:
-summary data for 100 separate criminal offences
-criminal incidents for every 100,000 Canadians
-comparisons between jurisdictions or over time
-the more reliable data is, the less valid it becomes
-UCR incident based survey: more detailed info on incidents, victims and accused
victimization surveys - ANSWERmore Canadians are victimized than is in stats
-victims that don't file report
self report studies - ANSWERadministered among certain population
helpful for youth crime
records become stats through aggregation - ANSWERtaking all records and data
and identifying the way their connected, can still be misunderstood/ misinterpreted
pre-18th century theories of crime - ANSWERinspired by religious beliefs and
superstition
-temptation and possession
-brutal punishments
enlightenment era - ANSWERscientific and objective
-social contract: scientific approach to understanding crime and behaviour
community psychology - ANSWER1. individual level: individual deficits
2. small group level: group functioning deficits
3. organizational level: society have not accomplished what they are supposed to
4. institutional or community: social problems are created by institutions
psychoanalytic theory - ANSWERfreud: personality is composed of 3 forces
1. ID: biological drives
2. ego: directs the impulses of the id and acts as a reality tester
3. superego: conscious
