Contents
g
Chapterg1 IntroductiongtogBiochemistry 1
Chapterg2 Water 10
Chapterg3 AminogAcidsgandgthegPrimarygStructuresgofgProteins 27
Chapterg4 Proteins:gThree-DimensionalgStructuregandgFunction 46
Chapterg5 PropertiesgofgEnzymes 65
Chapterg6 MechanismsgofgEnzymes 85
Chapterg7 CoenzymesgandgVitamins 104
Chapterg8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterg9 LipidsgandgMembranes 137
Chapterg10 IntroductiongtogMetabolism 153
Chapterg11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterg12 Gluconeogenesis,gThegPentosegPhosphategPathway,
andgGlycogengMetabolism 185
Chapterg13 ThegCitricgAcidgCycle 199
Chapterg14 ElectrongTransportgandgOxidativegPhosphorylation 213
Chapterg15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterg16 LipidgMetabolism 241
Chapterg17 AminogAcidgMetabolism 256
Chapterg18 NucleotidegMetabolism 269
Chapterg19 NucleicgAcids 284
Chapterg20 DNAgReplication,gRepair,gandgRecombination 300
Chapterg21 TranscriptiongandgRNAgProcessing 315
Chapterg22 ProteingSynthesis 330
Chapterg23 RecombinantgDNAgTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
g g g
1) Whichg elementsgaccountg forg moreg thang97%g ofgthegweightg ofgmostgorganisms?
A) C,g H,gN,gMg,gO,g S
B) C,g H,gN,gO,g P,gS
C) C,g H,gN
D) Fe,gC,g H,gO,g P
E) Ca2+,gK+,gNa+,gMg2+,gCl-
Answer:g B
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 2
2) Proteinsgingbiologicalg membranesg maygbe
A) porous.
B) attachedg togtheg membraneg surface.
C) spang thegmembrane.
D) Allg ofgthegabove
E) BgandgCgonly
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 3
3) Whichg statementgaboutg cellulosegisgfalse?
A) Itg isgthegmostgabundantg polysaccharideg ingnature.
B) Itsgmonomersg areg joinedg bygglycosidicg bonds.
C) Itg isgpresentg ingthegstemsgofgfloweringgplants.
D) Theghydroxylggroupsgofgneighboringgcellulosegmoleculesginteractgtogformgstrong,ginsolu
blegfibers.
E) Itg isgag branchedgpolymerg ofgglucose.
Answer:g E
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 3
1
,4) WhengKeqgofgag reactiong=g1,gthen
A) thegforwardg reactiongisgfasterg thang thegreverseg reaction.
B) thegreverseg reactiongisgfasterg thang thegforwardg reaction.
C) thegforwardg andg reverseg reactiongrategconstantsg areg equal.
D) moreg productsgareg formedgthang reactants.
E) fewerg productsgareg formedgthang reactants.
Answer:g C
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
5) Whichg statementgisgtruegaboutg ag reactiongwithgangequilibriumgconstant,g Keq,gequalg tog1000?
A) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg1000gtimesggreaterg thang thegreverseg rategconstant.
B) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg3g timesggreaterg thang reverseg rategconstant.
C) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg1000gtimesgsmallergthang thegreverseg rategconstant.
D) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg3g timesgsmallergthang theg reverseg rategconstant.
E) Theregisgnotg enoughg informationg givengtogcomparegtheg forwardg andgreverseg rategconstants
.
Answer:g A
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
6) Theg studyg ofgthegenergyg changesg duringg metabolicgreactionsg isgcalledg .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalgheatg dynamics
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
7) Ag spontaneousg chemicalg reactiongalwaysg hasg ag gchange.
A) positiveg Gibbʹsgfreeg energy
B) negativegGibbʹsgfreeg energy
C) positiveg enthalpy
D) negativeg enthalpy
E) positiveg entropy
Answer:g B
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesgareg valuablegtoolsg forg biochemistsgbecause
A) E.gcoligisgwell-studiedg andgtypicalgofgprokaryotes.
B) theygcontaing asgmanyg genesg asgeukaryoticgcells.
C) manyg ofgtheirg chromosomesg areg sequenced.
D) theygaregnotg verygdiversegorganisms.
E) Allg ofgthegabove
Answer:g C
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 6
9) Whichgcellulargcomponentgcarriesgoutgoxidationgreactions,gsomegofgwhichgproduceghydrog
engperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:g A
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 8
10) WhygisgitgimportantgthatgthegenzymesginglysosomesgaregmoregactivegatgacidicgpHgthangatgne
utralgpH?
A) Sinceglysosomesgaregprimarilygfoundgingthegstomachgacidgofgmammals,gtheirg
pHgdependencegallowsgforgmaximumgefficiencygforgthegdigestiongofgfoodstuff
s.
B) Itg preventsgtheirg diffusiongoutgofgtheglysosomes.
C) Itg maximizesg theg interactiong withgtheirg substratesg whichg areg alwaysg bases.
D) Itg preventsgthemg fromgaccidentallygdegradingg thegmacromoleculesg ingthegcytosol.
E) Itg allowsg forg regulationg ofgtheirguptakeg bygthegmitochondria.
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 8
11) Moleculesgfromglivinggcellsgcannotgbegsynthesizedgoutsidegofglivinggcel
ls.gAnswer:g FALSE
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 1
12) Fermentationgingthegabsencegofgcellsgdemonstratedgthatgmetabolicgprocessesgweregchemical
gingnature.
Answer:g TRUE
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 1
3
g
Chapterg1 IntroductiongtogBiochemistry 1
Chapterg2 Water 10
Chapterg3 AminogAcidsgandgthegPrimarygStructuresgofgProteins 27
Chapterg4 Proteins:gThree-DimensionalgStructuregandgFunction 46
Chapterg5 PropertiesgofgEnzymes 65
Chapterg6 MechanismsgofgEnzymes 85
Chapterg7 CoenzymesgandgVitamins 104
Chapterg8 Carbohydrates 119
Chapterg9 LipidsgandgMembranes 137
Chapterg10 IntroductiongtogMetabolism 153
Chapterg11 Glycolysis 169
Chapterg12 Gluconeogenesis,gThegPentosegPhosphategPathway,
andgGlycogengMetabolism 185
Chapterg13 ThegCitricgAcidgCycle 199
Chapterg14 ElectrongTransportgandgOxidativegPhosphorylation 213
Chapterg15 Photosynthesis 227
Chapterg16 LipidgMetabolism 241
Chapterg17 AminogAcidgMetabolism 256
Chapterg18 NucleotidegMetabolism 269
Chapterg19 NucleicgAcids 284
Chapterg20 DNAgReplication,gRepair,gandgRecombination 300
Chapterg21 TranscriptiongandgRNAgProcessing 315
Chapterg22 ProteingSynthesis 330
Chapterg23 RecombinantgDNAgTechnology 348
,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
g g g
1) Whichg elementsgaccountg forg moreg thang97%g ofgthegweightg ofgmostgorganisms?
A) C,g H,gN,gMg,gO,g S
B) C,g H,gN,gO,g P,gS
C) C,g H,gN
D) Fe,gC,g H,gO,g P
E) Ca2+,gK+,gNa+,gMg2+,gCl-
Answer:g B
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 2
2) Proteinsgingbiologicalg membranesg maygbe
A) porous.
B) attachedg togtheg membraneg surface.
C) spang thegmembrane.
D) Allg ofgthegabove
E) BgandgCgonly
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 3
3) Whichg statementgaboutg cellulosegisgfalse?
A) Itg isgthegmostgabundantg polysaccharideg ingnature.
B) Itsgmonomersg areg joinedg bygglycosidicg bonds.
C) Itg isgpresentg ingthegstemsgofgfloweringgplants.
D) Theghydroxylggroupsgofgneighboringgcellulosegmoleculesginteractgtogformgstrong,ginsolu
blegfibers.
E) Itg isgag branchedgpolymerg ofgglucose.
Answer:g E
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 3
1
,4) WhengKeqgofgag reactiong=g1,gthen
A) thegforwardg reactiongisgfasterg thang thegreverseg reaction.
B) thegreverseg reactiongisgfasterg thang thegforwardg reaction.
C) thegforwardg andg reverseg reactiongrategconstantsg areg equal.
D) moreg productsgareg formedgthang reactants.
E) fewerg productsgareg formedgthang reactants.
Answer:g C
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
5) Whichg statementgisgtruegaboutg ag reactiongwithgangequilibriumgconstant,g Keq,gequalg tog1000?
A) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg1000gtimesggreaterg thang thegreverseg rategconstant.
B) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg3g timesggreaterg thang reverseg rategconstant.
C) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg1000gtimesgsmallergthang thegreverseg rategconstant.
D) Theg forwardgrategconstantg isg3g timesgsmallergthang theg reverseg rategconstant.
E) Theregisgnotg enoughg informationg givengtogcomparegtheg forwardg andgreverseg rategconstants
.
Answer:g A
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
6) Theg studyg ofgthegenergyg changesg duringg metabolicgreactionsg isgcalledg .
A) bioinformatics
B) metabodynamics
C) thermometrics
D) bioenergetics
E) biologicalgheatg dynamics
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
7) Ag spontaneousg chemicalg reactiongalwaysg hasg ag gchange.
A) positiveg Gibbʹsgfreeg energy
B) negativegGibbʹsgfreeg energy
C) positiveg enthalpy
D) negativeg enthalpy
E) positiveg entropy
Answer:g B
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 4
2
, 8) Prokaryotesgareg valuablegtoolsg forg biochemistsgbecause
A) E.gcoligisgwell-studiedg andgtypicalgofgprokaryotes.
B) theygcontaing asgmanyg genesg asgeukaryoticgcells.
C) manyg ofgtheirg chromosomesg areg sequenced.
D) theygaregnotg verygdiversegorganisms.
E) Allg ofgthegabove
Answer:g C
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 6
9) Whichgcellulargcomponentgcarriesgoutgoxidationgreactions,gsomegofgwhichgproduceghydrog
engperoxide?
A) peroxisomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes
E) vacuoles
Answer:g A
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 8
10) WhygisgitgimportantgthatgthegenzymesginglysosomesgaregmoregactivegatgacidicgpHgthangatgne
utralgpH?
A) Sinceglysosomesgaregprimarilygfoundgingthegstomachgacidgofgmammals,gtheirg
pHgdependencegallowsgforgmaximumgefficiencygforgthegdigestiongofgfoodstuff
s.
B) Itg preventsgtheirg diffusiongoutgofgtheglysosomes.
C) Itg maximizesg theg interactiong withgtheirg substratesg whichg areg alwaysg bases.
D) Itg preventsgthemg fromgaccidentallygdegradingg thegmacromoleculesg ingthegcytosol.
E) Itg allowsg forg regulationg ofgtheirguptakeg bygthegmitochondria.
Answer:g D
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 8
11) Moleculesgfromglivinggcellsgcannotgbegsynthesizedgoutsidegofglivinggcel
ls.gAnswer:g FALSE
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 1
12) Fermentationgingthegabsencegofgcellsgdemonstratedgthatgmetabolicgprocessesgweregchemical
gingnature.
Answer:g TRUE
Pageg Ref:g Sectiong 1
3
