NSG 133 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025
Stress - Answers Is viewed as an individual's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or
response, which can be physical, mental, or emotional
Stressors - Answers is a biological, psychological, social, or chemical factor that causes physical
emotional tension and may contribute to the development of certain illnesses
Adaptive Response - Answers A behavior that maintains the integrity of the individual. It is viewed as a
positive and is correlated with a healthy response.
Maladaptive Response - Answers -is it behavior that disrupts the integrity of the individual, it is
perceived and considered to be negative or unhealthy.
Fight or Flight Syndrome - Answers have a physical symptom that results from an individual's real or
perceived notion that harm, or danger is imminent.
Fight or Flight Stages - Answers · Alarm Reaction Stage
· Stage of Resistance
· Stage of Exhaustion
Alarm Reaction Stage (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers the physical physiological responses of the fight or
flight syndrome are initiated.
· Stage of Resistance (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers The individual uses the physiological responses of
the first stage as a defense in the attempt to adapt to the stressor.
Stage of Exhaustion (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers This stage occurs when the body responds to
prolong exposure to a stressor. The adaptive energy is depleted, and the individual can no longer draw
from the resources for the adaption. Ch. 1 p. 3-4
Mental health - Answers and mental illness are defined, and the psychological adaptation to stress is
explained in terms of the two major responses: anxiety and grief. Behavioral responses are
conceptualized along the mental health/mental illness continuum.
Precipitating Event - Answers - is a stimulus arising from the internal or external environment and
perceived by the individual in a specific manner. Determination of an event as stressful depends on the
individual's cognitive appraisal of the situation.
· Cognitive appraisal - Answers is an individual's evaluation of the personal significance of the event or
occurrence. The event "precipitates" a response on the part of the individual, and the response is
influenced by the individual's perception of the event.
Cognitive response - Answers consists of a primary appraisal and a secondary appraisal
,Types of Primary Appraisal - Answers Irrelevant
Benign-positive
Stressful.
Secondary Appraisal - Answers is an assessment of skills, resources, and knowledge that the person
possesses to deal with the situation. The individual evaluates by considering the following:
. Which coping strategies are available to me?
. Will the option I choose be effective in this situation?
. Do I have the ability to use that strategy in an effective manner?
Predisposing Factors - Answers Genetic Influences
·Past Experiences
·Existing Conditions
Crisis - Answers a sudden event in one's life that disturbs the homeostasis, during which usual coping
mechanisms cannot resolve the problem
Theoretical Perspectives - Answers - An ethical theory is a moral principle or a set of moral principles
that can be used in assessing what is morally right or morally wrong. These principles provide
frameworks for ethical decision-making.
Utilitarianism - Answers is the "greatest-happiness principle." This principle holds that actions are right
to the degree that they tend to promote happiness and are wrong as they tend to produce the reverse
of happiness.
Kantianism - Answers it is not the consequences or end results that make an action right or wrong;
rather it is the principle or motivation on which the action is based that is the morally decisive factor.
Our actions are bound by a sense of duty. This theory is often called deontology (from the Greek word
deon which means "that which is binding; duty").
Christian Ethics - Answers emphasize doing unto others as you would have them do unto you.
Natural Law Theory - Answers refers to doing good and avoiding evil.
· Human knowledge of the difference between good and evil directs decision making.
Ethical Egoism - Answers refers to decisions that are based on what is best for the individual making the
decision.
,Culture - Answers describes a particular society's entire way of living, encompassing shared patterns of
belief, feeling, and knowledge that guide people's conduct and are passed down from generation to
generation.
Ethnicity - Answers relates to groups of people who identify with each other because of a shared social
and cultural heritage passed on to each successive generation
Race - Answers may be understood as a more biological term, describing a group of people who share
similar inherited characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and blood groups.
· Stereotyping
· Acculturate
· Assimilate
Spirituality - Answers The human quality that gives meaning and sense of purpose to an individual's
existence. It exists within each individual regardless of belief system and serves as a force for
interconnectedness between the self and others, the environment, and a higher power
What are the Ethical Issues? - Answers The right to treatment
The right to refuse treatment
The right to the least restrictive alternative
What are the legal issues? - Answers Confidentiality and right to privacy
HIPAA
Doctrine of Privileged Communication
. Exception: A duty to warn
Informed Consent
Restraints - Answers generally refers to a set of leather straps used to restrain the extremities of an
individual whose behavior is out of control and who poses an immediate risk to the physical safety and
psychological well-being of himself or herself and others
Seclusion - Answers is another type of physical restraint in which the client is confined alone in a room
from which he or she is unable to leave. The room is usually minimally furnished with items to promote
the client's comfort and safety.
False Imprisonment - Answers - is the deliberate and unauthorized confinement of a person within fixed
limits by the use of verbal or physical means (Ellis & Hartley, 2012). Health-care workers may be charged
with false imprisonment for restraining or secluding—against the wishes of the client—anyone admitted
to the hospital voluntarily.
, Mental Health - Answers a successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment,
evidence by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate, incongruent, local and cultural
norms. Ch. 2 p.14
Mental Illness - Answers -maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment,
evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local in cultural norms and
interfere with the individuals social, occupational, and-functioning. Ch. 2 p.15-16
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs emphasized - Answers an individual's motivation in the continuous quest
for self-actualization. He identified the most basic needs requiring fulfillment before those at higher
levels can be achieved and with self-actualization defined as fulfillment of one's highest potential. Ch. 2
p. 15
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers 1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization
Jahoda 6 Indications that Reflect Mental Health Ch. 2 p. 14 - Answers 1. A positive attitude towards self.
2. Growth, development, and the ability to achieve self-actualization.
3. Integration.
4. Autonomy.
5. Perception of reality.
6. Environmental mastery.
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Answers Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stress - Answers Is viewed as an individual's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or
response, which can be physical, mental, or emotional
Stressors - Answers is a biological, psychological, social, or chemical factor that causes physical
emotional tension and may contribute to the development of certain illnesses
Adaptive Response - Answers A behavior that maintains the integrity of the individual. It is viewed as a
positive and is correlated with a healthy response.
Maladaptive Response - Answers -is it behavior that disrupts the integrity of the individual, it is
perceived and considered to be negative or unhealthy.
Fight or Flight Syndrome - Answers have a physical symptom that results from an individual's real or
perceived notion that harm, or danger is imminent.
Fight or Flight Stages - Answers · Alarm Reaction Stage
· Stage of Resistance
· Stage of Exhaustion
Alarm Reaction Stage (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers the physical physiological responses of the fight or
flight syndrome are initiated.
· Stage of Resistance (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers The individual uses the physiological responses of
the first stage as a defense in the attempt to adapt to the stressor.
Stage of Exhaustion (Fight or Flight Stage) - Answers This stage occurs when the body responds to
prolong exposure to a stressor. The adaptive energy is depleted, and the individual can no longer draw
from the resources for the adaption. Ch. 1 p. 3-4
Mental health - Answers and mental illness are defined, and the psychological adaptation to stress is
explained in terms of the two major responses: anxiety and grief. Behavioral responses are
conceptualized along the mental health/mental illness continuum.
Precipitating Event - Answers - is a stimulus arising from the internal or external environment and
perceived by the individual in a specific manner. Determination of an event as stressful depends on the
individual's cognitive appraisal of the situation.
· Cognitive appraisal - Answers is an individual's evaluation of the personal significance of the event or
occurrence. The event "precipitates" a response on the part of the individual, and the response is
influenced by the individual's perception of the event.
Cognitive response - Answers consists of a primary appraisal and a secondary appraisal
,Types of Primary Appraisal - Answers Irrelevant
Benign-positive
Stressful.
Secondary Appraisal - Answers is an assessment of skills, resources, and knowledge that the person
possesses to deal with the situation. The individual evaluates by considering the following:
. Which coping strategies are available to me?
. Will the option I choose be effective in this situation?
. Do I have the ability to use that strategy in an effective manner?
Predisposing Factors - Answers Genetic Influences
·Past Experiences
·Existing Conditions
Crisis - Answers a sudden event in one's life that disturbs the homeostasis, during which usual coping
mechanisms cannot resolve the problem
Theoretical Perspectives - Answers - An ethical theory is a moral principle or a set of moral principles
that can be used in assessing what is morally right or morally wrong. These principles provide
frameworks for ethical decision-making.
Utilitarianism - Answers is the "greatest-happiness principle." This principle holds that actions are right
to the degree that they tend to promote happiness and are wrong as they tend to produce the reverse
of happiness.
Kantianism - Answers it is not the consequences or end results that make an action right or wrong;
rather it is the principle or motivation on which the action is based that is the morally decisive factor.
Our actions are bound by a sense of duty. This theory is often called deontology (from the Greek word
deon which means "that which is binding; duty").
Christian Ethics - Answers emphasize doing unto others as you would have them do unto you.
Natural Law Theory - Answers refers to doing good and avoiding evil.
· Human knowledge of the difference between good and evil directs decision making.
Ethical Egoism - Answers refers to decisions that are based on what is best for the individual making the
decision.
,Culture - Answers describes a particular society's entire way of living, encompassing shared patterns of
belief, feeling, and knowledge that guide people's conduct and are passed down from generation to
generation.
Ethnicity - Answers relates to groups of people who identify with each other because of a shared social
and cultural heritage passed on to each successive generation
Race - Answers may be understood as a more biological term, describing a group of people who share
similar inherited characteristics such as skin color, facial features, and blood groups.
· Stereotyping
· Acculturate
· Assimilate
Spirituality - Answers The human quality that gives meaning and sense of purpose to an individual's
existence. It exists within each individual regardless of belief system and serves as a force for
interconnectedness between the self and others, the environment, and a higher power
What are the Ethical Issues? - Answers The right to treatment
The right to refuse treatment
The right to the least restrictive alternative
What are the legal issues? - Answers Confidentiality and right to privacy
HIPAA
Doctrine of Privileged Communication
. Exception: A duty to warn
Informed Consent
Restraints - Answers generally refers to a set of leather straps used to restrain the extremities of an
individual whose behavior is out of control and who poses an immediate risk to the physical safety and
psychological well-being of himself or herself and others
Seclusion - Answers is another type of physical restraint in which the client is confined alone in a room
from which he or she is unable to leave. The room is usually minimally furnished with items to promote
the client's comfort and safety.
False Imprisonment - Answers - is the deliberate and unauthorized confinement of a person within fixed
limits by the use of verbal or physical means (Ellis & Hartley, 2012). Health-care workers may be charged
with false imprisonment for restraining or secluding—against the wishes of the client—anyone admitted
to the hospital voluntarily.
, Mental Health - Answers a successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment,
evidence by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate, incongruent, local and cultural
norms. Ch. 2 p.14
Mental Illness - Answers -maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment,
evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local in cultural norms and
interfere with the individuals social, occupational, and-functioning. Ch. 2 p.15-16
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs emphasized - Answers an individual's motivation in the continuous quest
for self-actualization. He identified the most basic needs requiring fulfillment before those at higher
levels can be achieved and with self-actualization defined as fulfillment of one's highest potential. Ch. 2
p. 15
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers 1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love
4. Esteem
5. Self-Actualization
Jahoda 6 Indications that Reflect Mental Health Ch. 2 p. 14 - Answers 1. A positive attitude towards self.
2. Growth, development, and the ability to achieve self-actualization.
3. Integration.
4. Autonomy.
5. Perception of reality.
6. Environmental mastery.
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Answers Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
