COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) 100% SOLVED 2025!!
Nightingale's environmental theory: - correct answer a. Highlights the relationship between an
individual's environment and health.
b. Depicts health as a continuum.
c. Emphasizes preventive care.
Health Belief model - correct answer a. Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors.
b. Assumes that preventive health actions are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding
disease.
c. Emphasizes change at the individual level.
d. Describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on the following:
i. Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of a disease.
ii. Modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level).
iii. Cues to action (media campaigns, disease effect on family/friends, recommendations from
health care professionals)
iv. Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action.
Community health nurses: - correct answer a. Nurses who practice in the community.
b. Nurses who can develop long-term relationships with clients while working directly with
families and groups over a long period of time.
Community oriented nursing - correct answer a. public health nursing:
b. not focused on illness care. Focused on population and the community as a whole
c. Focus of care: aggregates, communities, populations (public health) can include at risk or
unserved individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: health promotion and disease promotion.
e. Nursing activities: usually indirect (program management) can include direct care of at-risk
individuals and populations.
Community based nursing - correct answer a. Home health nurse
b. Focused on illness care
, c. Focus of care: individuals and families.
d. Primary goal: management of acute or chronic conditions.
e. Nursing activities: direct (one on one): illness care: management of acute and chronic
conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools,
camps, prisons)
Application of ethical principles to community health nursing: - correct answer a. Respect for
autonomy: individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals.
i. Situations: respecting a client's right to self-determination (making a decision not to pursue
chemotherapy).
ii. Nonmaleficence: no harm is done when applying standards of care.
1. Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating outcomes.
iii. Beneficence: maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms.
1. Assessing costs, risks and benefits when planning interventions.
iv. Distributive justice: fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on the
needs and contributions of its members.
1. Determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources.
Acculturation - correct answer 1. a process in which an individual adopts, acquires, and adjusts
to a new cultural environment.
Ethnocentrism - correct answer belief your own culture is superior to all others. You view the
world from your own cultural view.
Cultural assessment parameters: - correct answer a. Ethnic background
b. Religious preferences
c. Family structure
d. Language and literacy need.
e. Communication values
f. Education
g. Cultural values
h. Food patterns
i. Health promotion and maintenance practices