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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
4 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 180+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS) A+ GRADE
A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is
experiencing?
a. Primary hypothyroidism
b. Secondary hypothyroidism
c. Autoimmune hypothyroidism
d. Atypical hypothyroidism
b. Secondary hypothyroidism
While planning care for a patient with hypothyroidism, which principle should the nurse remember? The
basal metabolic rate is unusually _____ with hypothyroidism. a. High
b. Low
c. Steady
d. Variable
b. Low
A 3-year-old male was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. The parents ask the nurse if left
untreated what will happen. What is the nurses best response? If left untreated, the child would have: a.
Mental retardation and stunted growth
b. Increased risk of childhood thyroid cancer
c. Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder
d. Liver, kidney, and pancreas failure
a. Mental retardation and stunted growth
A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma. The lab tests the nurse would most likely find
are _____ T3 and T4 levels.
a. High
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b. Low
c. Normal
d. Variable
c. Normal
What problem should the nurse assess for in a patient with chronic hyperparathyroidism? a.
Seizure disorders
b. Vitamin D malabsorption
c. Hyponatremia
d. Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
d. Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the
postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium
is:
a. Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease
b. Myxedema secondary to surgery
c. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands
d. Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement
c. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands
A 30-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a hospital unit for the surgical removal of her
thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, the nurse notes that the patients serum calcium is low.
The nurse should observe the patient for which of the following signs/symptoms? a. Muscle weakness
and constipation
b. Laryngeal spasms and hyperreflexia
c. Abdominal pain and fever
d. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
b. Laryngeal spasms and hyperreflexia
When a patient wants to know what most commonly causes hypoparathyroidism, how should the nurse
reply? It is most commonly caused by: a. Pituitary hyposecretion
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Parathyroid gland injury
d. Hypothalamic inactivity
c. Parathyroid gland injury
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A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting changes in facial features. CT scan
reveals a mass on the anterior pituitary, and lab tests reveal severely elevated growth hormone (GH).
Which of the following would the nurse also expect to find? a. Decreased IGF-1
b. Hypotension
c. Sexual dysfunction
d. Height increases
c. Sexual dysfunction
A 30-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting visual disturbances. CT reveals a
pituitary tumor and lab tests reveal elevated prolactin. He is diagnosed with prolactinoma. Which of the
following treatments would the nurse help implement? Administering: a. Dopaminergic agonists
b. Calcium
c. Insulin
d. Radiation
a. Dopaminergic agonists
A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is
the nurses best response?
a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect
b. Obesity and lack of exercise
c. Immune destruction of the pancreas
d. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets
c. Immune destruction of the pancreas
A 12-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which of the following tests should the nurse
prepare the patient to best confirm the diagnosis? a. Fasting plasma glucose levels
b. Random serum glucose levels
c. Genetic testing
d. Glycosylated hemoglobin measurements
a. Fasting plasma glucose levels
An 11-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse
assess the patient for?
a. Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesias
b. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
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c. Vomiting; abdominal pain; sweet, fruity breath; dehydration; and Kussmaul breathing
d. Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion
b. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with altered consciousness and the
following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high) and serum K+ 2 (low). Her parents state that she
has been sick with the flu for a week. The diagnosis is hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome
(HHNKS). What relationship do these values have with her insulin deficiency?
a. Increased glucose utilization causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
b. Decreased insulin causes hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
c. Increased glucose and fatty acid metabolism stimulates renal diuresis and electrolyte loss.
d. Increased insulin use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, and electrolyte loss.
b. Decreased insulin causes hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
A nurse is reviewing lab results for glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) levels. A nurse recalls the
purpose of this test is to:
a. Measure fasting glucose levels.
b. Monitor long-term serum glucose control.
c. Detect acute complications of diabetes.
d. Check for hyperlipidemia.
b. Monitor long-term serum glucose control.
When a patient asks what causes hyperglycemia in type 2 DM, how should the nurse respond?
Hyperglycemia is a result of: a. Insulin deficiency
b. Hyperinsulinemia
c. Glucagon deficiency
d. Liver dysfunction
b. Hyperinsulinemia
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum
glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents
state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her
acidotic state?
a. Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation.
b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.
c. Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones.
d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
4 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 180+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS) A+ GRADE
A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is
experiencing?
a. Primary hypothyroidism
b. Secondary hypothyroidism
c. Autoimmune hypothyroidism
d. Atypical hypothyroidism
b. Secondary hypothyroidism
While planning care for a patient with hypothyroidism, which principle should the nurse remember? The
basal metabolic rate is unusually _____ with hypothyroidism. a. High
b. Low
c. Steady
d. Variable
b. Low
A 3-year-old male was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. The parents ask the nurse if left
untreated what will happen. What is the nurses best response? If left untreated, the child would have: a.
Mental retardation and stunted growth
b. Increased risk of childhood thyroid cancer
c. Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder
d. Liver, kidney, and pancreas failure
a. Mental retardation and stunted growth
A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma. The lab tests the nurse would most likely find
are _____ T3 and T4 levels.
a. High
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b. Low
c. Normal
d. Variable
c. Normal
What problem should the nurse assess for in a patient with chronic hyperparathyroidism? a.
Seizure disorders
b. Vitamin D malabsorption
c. Hyponatremia
d. Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
d. Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the
postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium
is:
a. Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease
b. Myxedema secondary to surgery
c. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands
d. Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement
c. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands
A 30-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a hospital unit for the surgical removal of her
thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, the nurse notes that the patients serum calcium is low.
The nurse should observe the patient for which of the following signs/symptoms? a. Muscle weakness
and constipation
b. Laryngeal spasms and hyperreflexia
c. Abdominal pain and fever
d. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
b. Laryngeal spasms and hyperreflexia
When a patient wants to know what most commonly causes hypoparathyroidism, how should the nurse
reply? It is most commonly caused by: a. Pituitary hyposecretion
b. Parathyroid adenoma
c. Parathyroid gland injury
d. Hypothalamic inactivity
c. Parathyroid gland injury
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A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting changes in facial features. CT scan
reveals a mass on the anterior pituitary, and lab tests reveal severely elevated growth hormone (GH).
Which of the following would the nurse also expect to find? a. Decreased IGF-1
b. Hypotension
c. Sexual dysfunction
d. Height increases
c. Sexual dysfunction
A 30-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting visual disturbances. CT reveals a
pituitary tumor and lab tests reveal elevated prolactin. He is diagnosed with prolactinoma. Which of the
following treatments would the nurse help implement? Administering: a. Dopaminergic agonists
b. Calcium
c. Insulin
d. Radiation
a. Dopaminergic agonists
A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is
the nurses best response?
a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect
b. Obesity and lack of exercise
c. Immune destruction of the pancreas
d. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets
c. Immune destruction of the pancreas
A 12-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which of the following tests should the nurse
prepare the patient to best confirm the diagnosis? a. Fasting plasma glucose levels
b. Random serum glucose levels
c. Genetic testing
d. Glycosylated hemoglobin measurements
a. Fasting plasma glucose levels
An 11-year-old male is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which classic symptoms should the nurse
assess the patient for?
a. Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesias
b. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
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c. Vomiting; abdominal pain; sweet, fruity breath; dehydration; and Kussmaul breathing
d. Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion
b. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with altered consciousness and the
following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high) and serum K+ 2 (low). Her parents state that she
has been sick with the flu for a week. The diagnosis is hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome
(HHNKS). What relationship do these values have with her insulin deficiency?
a. Increased glucose utilization causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
b. Decreased insulin causes hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
c. Increased glucose and fatty acid metabolism stimulates renal diuresis and electrolyte loss.
d. Increased insulin use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, and electrolyte loss.
b. Decreased insulin causes hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
A nurse is reviewing lab results for glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) levels. A nurse recalls the
purpose of this test is to:
a. Measure fasting glucose levels.
b. Monitor long-term serum glucose control.
c. Detect acute complications of diabetes.
d. Check for hyperlipidemia.
b. Monitor long-term serum glucose control.
When a patient asks what causes hyperglycemia in type 2 DM, how should the nurse respond?
Hyperglycemia is a result of: a. Insulin deficiency
b. Hyperinsulinemia
c. Glucagon deficiency
d. Liver dysfunction
b. Hyperinsulinemia
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum
glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents
state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her
acidotic state?
a. Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation.
b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.
c. Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones.
d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.
