TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
m m m m m m
Chapter m01:mHistory mofmMassage:mPrehistoricmTimesmto mthemModernmEra mandmProfessional m
Societies,mOrganizations,mandmAssociations.
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmmethod mismdefined masmmanipulationmof msoft mtissuemusingmpressuremand mtractionmf
ormclinical,mtherapeutic,mand mpalliativempurposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polaritymtherapy
d. Massagemtherapy
ANS:m D
Massagemtherapymthemmanipulationmof msoft mtissuemusingmcompressionmand mdecompression/tr
actionmformclinical,mtherapeutic,mand mpalliativempurposesmormformwellnessmand mself-
carempurposes.
2. Whichmoriginmformthemword mmassagemismGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS:m B
Themoriginmof mthemword mmassagemismunclear,mbut mcanmbemtraced mtomnumerousmsources:mthemHebr
ew mmashesh,mthemGreekmmassomand mmassin,mthemLatinmmassa,mthemArabicmmass’h,mthemSanskrit
mmakeh,mand mthemFrenchmmasser.
3. Whenmwasmthemearliest mthemtermmmassagemwasmused mbymmost mEuropean-based mcultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS:m C
Bymthemearlym1800s,mthemtermmmassagemwasmused mbymmost mEuropean-
based mcultures.mHistorically,mmassagemwasmreferred mtombymitsmtechniquesmsuchmasmfrictionmor
mrubbing.
4. Themfirst mwrittenmrecordsmof mmassagemdatembackmtom3000mBCEminmwhichmcountry?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS:m B
Writtenmrecordsmregardingmthempracticemof mmassagemgombackmtom3000mBCEminmChina.mAcup
uncturemwasmnot mmentioned minmChinesemwritingsmuntilm90mBCE.
5. Whichmworkmismcommonlymreferred mtomasmthemclassicmscripturemof mtraditionalmChinesemmedicine?
, a. TaomTemChing
b. NeimChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. CorpusmHippocraticum
ANS:m B
At mthemtimemof mHwangmTi,mvariousmideasmand mbeliefsmweremcompiled mundermthemnamemof mthemY
ellow mEmperorm(died minm2599mBCE)mwhichmbecamemthemclassicmscripturemof mtraditionalmChines
emmedicinemknownmasmthemNeimChang.mThemNeimChangmwasmwrittenmabout m2760mBCE,mand mthis
mworkmcontainsmdetailed mdescriptionsmof mmassagemproceduresmasmwellmasmherbalmmedicines.
6. What mismthemoriginalmmassagemtechniqueminmChinamand mthemprecursormtommanualmand menerge
ticmtherapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS:m D
Ammamismregarded masmthemoriginalmmassagemtechniquemand mprecursormtomallmothermChinesemt
herapies,mmanualmand menergetic.
7. Whichmhealingmmethod mismbased monmHindumtradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS:m A
Knowledgemof mammammassagemtraveled mtomthemsubcontinent mof mIndiamfrommChina,mand mmassagembe
camempart mof mHindumtradition.mMassagemismdescribed minmIndia’smfirst mgreat mmedicalmtexts,mthemAyur
vedambooksmof mwisdomm(about m1800mBCE)mand mrecommend mmassagemasmanmindispensablemhealingm
procedure.
8. Whichmmethod mismJapanesembut mbased monmChinesemmedicinemconcepts,mand musesmpressuremappli
ed mfrommthempractitioner’smthumbs,melbows,mand mothermpartsmof mthembody?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS:m B
ShiatsumismamJapanesemmethod mbased monmthemsamemtraditionalmChinesemmedicinemconceptsmasmacupu
ncturem—energymflowsminmthembodymthroughmstreamsmcalled mchannelsmormmeridians.
Acupuncturistsmusemneedlesmat mspecificmpointsmtombalancemthemflow mof menergy;mshiatsumpract
itionersmusemtheirmfingers,mthumbs,mforearms,melbows,mand mevenmtheirmkneesmand mfeet.
9. Whomismgenerallymrecognized masmthemfathermof mmodernmWesternmmedicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS:m D
Hippocratesmwasmknownmtombemamfinemphysician,mfoundermof mammedicalmschool,mauthormof mnum
erousmbooks,mand madvocated mthemusemof mmassagemorm“rubbing.”mThesemworksmaremcollectivelym
knownmasmthemCorpusmHippocraticum,mand msummarized mmuchmof mwhat mwasmknownmabout mdise
asemand mmedicineminmthemancient mworld.mHippocratesmismgenerallymrecognized masmthemfathermof m
modernmWesternmmedicine,mand mhembelieved mthat mphysiciansmshould mavoid mcausingmharmmtomp
atients.
10. WhomwrotemthemCanonmof mMedicine,mthemmost mfamousmbookminmthemhistorymof mmedicineminmb
othmthemEast mand mthemWest?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS:m C
A mtext mentitled m
m ormCanonmof mMedicinemwasmwrittenmbymonemof mthemgreatest mPersianmphysiciansmof mhismera,mA
vicennam(980-
1037).mHemwasmalsomknownmasmIbnmSina.mThemCanonmof mMedicinemismthemmost mfamousmbookmi
nmthemhistorymof mmedicineminmbothmthemEast mand mthemWest.
11. Whichmindividualmdiscussed mthemeffectsmof mmassagemand mused mfrictionmonmjointsminmthem1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS:m A
AmbroisemParém(1515-
1590)mwasmamfamousmFrenchmsurgeonmwhomwasmamongmthemearliest mindividualsminmthismeramt
omdiscussmthemeffectsmof mmassage.mHemused mfrictionmtomtreat mdislocated mjointsmand mothermorth
opedicmconditions.
12. Whomwasmthemfirst mknownmscientist mtomdemonstratemthatmblood mcirculationmduemtommuscul
armcontractionmof mthemheart?
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS:m C
Englishmscientist mWilliammHarveym(1578–
1657)mdiscovered mthemcirculationmof mblood minm1628,mand mhismwritingsmdid mmuchmtompromote
mthemacceptancemof mmassagemasmamtreatment mmeasure.
Harveymobserved mthemheartsmof mlivingmanimalsmand mdetermined mthat mactivemphasemof mthemheart mmusc
ularmcontractionm(systole)mpumped mblood mthroughmarteriesmand mveins.
13. Whomdeveloped mthemSwedishmMovement mCure,mwhichmincluded mthemusemof mmassage?
a. JohannmMezger
b. PehrmH.mLing
c. GeorgemHenrymTaylor
, d. JohnmHarveymKellogg
ANS:m B
PehrmHenrikmLingm(1776mtom1839)mdeveloped mhismownmsystemmof mmassagemand mexercisesmormgymn
astics,mthemlattermof mwhichmconsisted mof mfourmtypes—
educational,mmilitary,mmedical,mand mesthetic.mThismsystemmwasmcalled mthemSwedishmRemedialmMass
agemandmExercise,mthemSwedishmMovementmCure,mormsimplymthemLingmsystem.
14. Whichmtermmdescribesmamcomponent mof mthemLingmSystem?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thaimmassage
d. Swedishmmassage
ANS:m D
ThemtermmSwedishmmassagemwasmused mtomdescribemthemmassagemcomponent mof mLing’smsyste
m.mFormthismreason,mLingmismregarded masmthemfathermof mSwedishmmassage.
15. Whichmindividualmismcredited mwithmhavingmintroduced mFrenchmtermsmstillminmusemtomdescri
bemmassagemtechniques?
a. JohannmMezger
b. WilliammHarvey
c. PehrmH.mLing
d. CharlesmTaylor
ANS:m A
Frenchmwasmtheminternationalmlanguageminmthemnineteenthmcentury.mThemDutchmphysicianmJohannmM
ezgerm(1838mtom909)mismcredited mwithmhavingmintroduced mthemFrenchmterminologymstillmused mtomdesc
ribemmassagemtechniquesm(e.g.,meffleurage,mpétrissage,mtapotement)mwhichmismstillmused minm massage
mlegislation,mmedicalminsurancembillingm codes,mand mmassagemcurricula.
16. Whomismthemfoundermof mmodernmnursing,mwhichmincluded mmassagemasmpart mof mcare?
a. TiffanymField
b. FlorencemNightingale
c. CharlesmFayettemTaylor
d. JohnmHarveymKellogg
ANS:m B
FlorencemNightingalem(1829mtom1910)mof mEngland,mfoundermof mmodernmnursing,mtookmcaremof m
wounded msoldiersmduringmthemCrimeanmWarm(1853mtom1856).mShemdeveloped mamstandard mof mcar
emformpatients,mand mmassagemwasmanmintegralmpart mof mcare.mWhenmnursemtrainingmwasmdeveloped
,mmassagemwasmincluded minmthemcurriculummand mmassagemwasmprovided mtompatientsmasmpart mof mth
eirmcomfort mmeasures.
17. FrenchmphysicianmLucas-
Championnieremused mmassagemand mexercisemtomtreat msoldiersminjured mduringmwhichmevent?
a. World mWarmI
b. World mWarmII
c. CivilmWar
d. Viet mNammWar
ANS:m A
m m m m m m
Chapter m01:mHistory mofmMassage:mPrehistoricmTimesmto mthemModernmEra mandmProfessional m
Societies,mOrganizations,mandmAssociations.
MULTIPLEmCHOICE
1. Whichmmethod mismdefined masmmanipulationmof msoft mtissuemusingmpressuremand mtractionmf
ormclinical,mtherapeutic,mand mpalliativempurposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polaritymtherapy
d. Massagemtherapy
ANS:m D
Massagemtherapymthemmanipulationmof msoft mtissuemusingmcompressionmand mdecompression/tr
actionmformclinical,mtherapeutic,mand mpalliativempurposesmormformwellnessmand mself-
carempurposes.
2. Whichmoriginmformthemword mmassagemismGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS:m B
Themoriginmof mthemword mmassagemismunclear,mbut mcanmbemtraced mtomnumerousmsources:mthemHebr
ew mmashesh,mthemGreekmmassomand mmassin,mthemLatinmmassa,mthemArabicmmass’h,mthemSanskrit
mmakeh,mand mthemFrenchmmasser.
3. Whenmwasmthemearliest mthemtermmmassagemwasmused mbymmost mEuropean-based mcultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS:m C
Bymthemearlym1800s,mthemtermmmassagemwasmused mbymmost mEuropean-
based mcultures.mHistorically,mmassagemwasmreferred mtombymitsmtechniquesmsuchmasmfrictionmor
mrubbing.
4. Themfirst mwrittenmrecordsmof mmassagemdatembackmtom3000mBCEminmwhichmcountry?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS:m B
Writtenmrecordsmregardingmthempracticemof mmassagemgombackmtom3000mBCEminmChina.mAcup
uncturemwasmnot mmentioned minmChinesemwritingsmuntilm90mBCE.
5. Whichmworkmismcommonlymreferred mtomasmthemclassicmscripturemof mtraditionalmChinesemmedicine?
, a. TaomTemChing
b. NeimChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. CorpusmHippocraticum
ANS:m B
At mthemtimemof mHwangmTi,mvariousmideasmand mbeliefsmweremcompiled mundermthemnamemof mthemY
ellow mEmperorm(died minm2599mBCE)mwhichmbecamemthemclassicmscripturemof mtraditionalmChines
emmedicinemknownmasmthemNeimChang.mThemNeimChangmwasmwrittenmabout m2760mBCE,mand mthis
mworkmcontainsmdetailed mdescriptionsmof mmassagemproceduresmasmwellmasmherbalmmedicines.
6. What mismthemoriginalmmassagemtechniqueminmChinamand mthemprecursormtommanualmand menerge
ticmtherapies?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS:m D
Ammamismregarded masmthemoriginalmmassagemtechniquemand mprecursormtomallmothermChinesemt
herapies,mmanualmand menergetic.
7. Whichmhealingmmethod mismbased monmHindumtradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS:m A
Knowledgemof mammammassagemtraveled mtomthemsubcontinent mof mIndiamfrommChina,mand mmassagembe
camempart mof mHindumtradition.mMassagemismdescribed minmIndia’smfirst mgreat mmedicalmtexts,mthemAyur
vedambooksmof mwisdomm(about m1800mBCE)mand mrecommend mmassagemasmanmindispensablemhealingm
procedure.
8. Whichmmethod mismJapanesembut mbased monmChinesemmedicinemconcepts,mand musesmpressuremappli
ed mfrommthempractitioner’smthumbs,melbows,mand mothermpartsmof mthembody?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS:m B
ShiatsumismamJapanesemmethod mbased monmthemsamemtraditionalmChinesemmedicinemconceptsmasmacupu
ncturem—energymflowsminmthembodymthroughmstreamsmcalled mchannelsmormmeridians.
Acupuncturistsmusemneedlesmat mspecificmpointsmtombalancemthemflow mof menergy;mshiatsumpract
itionersmusemtheirmfingers,mthumbs,mforearms,melbows,mand mevenmtheirmkneesmand mfeet.
9. Whomismgenerallymrecognized masmthemfathermof mmodernmWesternmmedicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS:m D
Hippocratesmwasmknownmtombemamfinemphysician,mfoundermof mammedicalmschool,mauthormof mnum
erousmbooks,mand madvocated mthemusemof mmassagemorm“rubbing.”mThesemworksmaremcollectivelym
knownmasmthemCorpusmHippocraticum,mand msummarized mmuchmof mwhat mwasmknownmabout mdise
asemand mmedicineminmthemancient mworld.mHippocratesmismgenerallymrecognized masmthemfathermof m
modernmWesternmmedicine,mand mhembelieved mthat mphysiciansmshould mavoid mcausingmharmmtomp
atients.
10. WhomwrotemthemCanonmof mMedicine,mthemmost mfamousmbookminmthemhistorymof mmedicineminmb
othmthemEast mand mthemWest?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS:m C
A mtext mentitled m
m ormCanonmof mMedicinemwasmwrittenmbymonemof mthemgreatest mPersianmphysiciansmof mhismera,mA
vicennam(980-
1037).mHemwasmalsomknownmasmIbnmSina.mThemCanonmof mMedicinemismthemmost mfamousmbookmi
nmthemhistorymof mmedicineminmbothmthemEast mand mthemWest.
11. Whichmindividualmdiscussed mthemeffectsmof mmassagemand mused mfrictionmonmjointsminmthem1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS:m A
AmbroisemParém(1515-
1590)mwasmamfamousmFrenchmsurgeonmwhomwasmamongmthemearliest mindividualsminmthismeramt
omdiscussmthemeffectsmof mmassage.mHemused mfrictionmtomtreat mdislocated mjointsmand mothermorth
opedicmconditions.
12. Whomwasmthemfirst mknownmscientist mtomdemonstratemthatmblood mcirculationmduemtommuscul
armcontractionmof mthemheart?
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS:m C
Englishmscientist mWilliammHarveym(1578–
1657)mdiscovered mthemcirculationmof mblood minm1628,mand mhismwritingsmdid mmuchmtompromote
mthemacceptancemof mmassagemasmamtreatment mmeasure.
Harveymobserved mthemheartsmof mlivingmanimalsmand mdetermined mthat mactivemphasemof mthemheart mmusc
ularmcontractionm(systole)mpumped mblood mthroughmarteriesmand mveins.
13. Whomdeveloped mthemSwedishmMovement mCure,mwhichmincluded mthemusemof mmassage?
a. JohannmMezger
b. PehrmH.mLing
c. GeorgemHenrymTaylor
, d. JohnmHarveymKellogg
ANS:m B
PehrmHenrikmLingm(1776mtom1839)mdeveloped mhismownmsystemmof mmassagemand mexercisesmormgymn
astics,mthemlattermof mwhichmconsisted mof mfourmtypes—
educational,mmilitary,mmedical,mand mesthetic.mThismsystemmwasmcalled mthemSwedishmRemedialmMass
agemandmExercise,mthemSwedishmMovementmCure,mormsimplymthemLingmsystem.
14. Whichmtermmdescribesmamcomponent mof mthemLingmSystem?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thaimmassage
d. Swedishmmassage
ANS:m D
ThemtermmSwedishmmassagemwasmused mtomdescribemthemmassagemcomponent mof mLing’smsyste
m.mFormthismreason,mLingmismregarded masmthemfathermof mSwedishmmassage.
15. Whichmindividualmismcredited mwithmhavingmintroduced mFrenchmtermsmstillminmusemtomdescri
bemmassagemtechniques?
a. JohannmMezger
b. WilliammHarvey
c. PehrmH.mLing
d. CharlesmTaylor
ANS:m A
Frenchmwasmtheminternationalmlanguageminmthemnineteenthmcentury.mThemDutchmphysicianmJohannmM
ezgerm(1838mtom909)mismcredited mwithmhavingmintroduced mthemFrenchmterminologymstillmused mtomdesc
ribemmassagemtechniquesm(e.g.,meffleurage,mpétrissage,mtapotement)mwhichmismstillmused minm massage
mlegislation,mmedicalminsurancembillingm codes,mand mmassagemcurricula.
16. Whomismthemfoundermof mmodernmnursing,mwhichmincluded mmassagemasmpart mof mcare?
a. TiffanymField
b. FlorencemNightingale
c. CharlesmFayettemTaylor
d. JohnmHarveymKellogg
ANS:m B
FlorencemNightingalem(1829mtom1910)mof mEngland,mfoundermof mmodernmnursing,mtookmcaremof m
wounded msoldiersmduringmthemCrimeanmWarm(1853mtom1856).mShemdeveloped mamstandard mof mcar
emformpatients,mand mmassagemwasmanmintegralmpart mof mcare.mWhenmnursemtrainingmwasmdeveloped
,mmassagemwasmincluded minmthemcurriculummand mmassagemwasmprovided mtompatientsmasmpart mof mth
eirmcomfort mmeasures.
17. FrenchmphysicianmLucas-
Championnieremused mmassagemand mexercisemtomtreat msoldiersminjured mduringmwhichmevent?
a. World mWarmI
b. World mWarmII
c. CivilmWar
d. Viet mNammWar
ANS:m A
