Exam 2 NR 545 Questions with Complete
Verified Solutions latest update 2025
Regurgitation. --- correct answer ---The valve flaps may not close
tightly, causing blood to leak backward.
Prolapse. --- correct answer ---The valve flaps become stretched out
and floppy. They bulge backward like a parachute. This condition can
lead to regurgitation.
Atresia. --- correct answer ---The valve isn't formed. A solid sheet of
tissue blocks the blood flow between the heart chambers. This type
usually affects the pulmonary valve.
Metabolic syndrome relationship to coronary artery disease --- correct
answer ---Frequency of metabolic syndrome is high in patients with
coronary artery disease and is associated with severe CAD. Severity of
CAD increases with presence of increasing number of metabolic
abnormality.
Back Pain --- correct answer ---occurs due to changes or damages to
the muscles.
,Most common low back pain involves lumbar spine.
Back Pain Dx --- correct answer ---Dx: imaging not recommended in
first 6 weeks.
XRAY MRI
Back pain pharm --- correct answer ---Pharm: Tylenol as a first line of
pain treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
medications, and muscle relaxants.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)- an analgesic, excreted through urine. Half-
life 2-4 hours.
Ibuprofen (Motrin)- a nonsteroidal antinflammatory, NSAIDS inhibits
cyclooxygenase decreasing prostaglandin synthesis
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)- a muscle relaxant, potentiates
norepinephrine to bind to serotonin receptors decreasing muscle
spasms. Excreted through urine.
Do not prescribe opiates for acute back pain prior to a trial of first
line treatment to prevent misuse, abuse and dependence.
Fractures --- correct answer ---break or crack to bone
, Dx: XRAY
MRI for tendons and ligaments
Fractures Pharm --- correct answer ---Pharm: Nonpharm include RICE
(rest, ice, compression, elevation), splint, cast, surgery or a traction.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or Ibuprofen are most commonly used for
mild to moderate pain. Tylenol is an analgesic, the mechanism of
action for Tylenol is unknown; however, it has analgesic and
antipyretic effects.
Narcotics such as hydrocodone can also be prescribed if the patient
has severe pain as a result of an extended injury with an open
fracture, fragmented bone; if the patient is postoperative surgery or if
the bone is misaligned.
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin), an opioid, binds to opioid
receptors causing sedation and analgesia
Compartment syndrome --- correct answer ---swelling or an injury
that blocks blood supply to muscles and nerves
Verified Solutions latest update 2025
Regurgitation. --- correct answer ---The valve flaps may not close
tightly, causing blood to leak backward.
Prolapse. --- correct answer ---The valve flaps become stretched out
and floppy. They bulge backward like a parachute. This condition can
lead to regurgitation.
Atresia. --- correct answer ---The valve isn't formed. A solid sheet of
tissue blocks the blood flow between the heart chambers. This type
usually affects the pulmonary valve.
Metabolic syndrome relationship to coronary artery disease --- correct
answer ---Frequency of metabolic syndrome is high in patients with
coronary artery disease and is associated with severe CAD. Severity of
CAD increases with presence of increasing number of metabolic
abnormality.
Back Pain --- correct answer ---occurs due to changes or damages to
the muscles.
,Most common low back pain involves lumbar spine.
Back Pain Dx --- correct answer ---Dx: imaging not recommended in
first 6 weeks.
XRAY MRI
Back pain pharm --- correct answer ---Pharm: Tylenol as a first line of
pain treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
medications, and muscle relaxants.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)- an analgesic, excreted through urine. Half-
life 2-4 hours.
Ibuprofen (Motrin)- a nonsteroidal antinflammatory, NSAIDS inhibits
cyclooxygenase decreasing prostaglandin synthesis
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)- a muscle relaxant, potentiates
norepinephrine to bind to serotonin receptors decreasing muscle
spasms. Excreted through urine.
Do not prescribe opiates for acute back pain prior to a trial of first
line treatment to prevent misuse, abuse and dependence.
Fractures --- correct answer ---break or crack to bone
, Dx: XRAY
MRI for tendons and ligaments
Fractures Pharm --- correct answer ---Pharm: Nonpharm include RICE
(rest, ice, compression, elevation), splint, cast, surgery or a traction.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or Ibuprofen are most commonly used for
mild to moderate pain. Tylenol is an analgesic, the mechanism of
action for Tylenol is unknown; however, it has analgesic and
antipyretic effects.
Narcotics such as hydrocodone can also be prescribed if the patient
has severe pain as a result of an extended injury with an open
fracture, fragmented bone; if the patient is postoperative surgery or if
the bone is misaligned.
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin), an opioid, binds to opioid
receptors causing sedation and analgesia
Compartment syndrome --- correct answer ---swelling or an injury
that blocks blood supply to muscles and nerves
