Nursing II Exam 1 Material Notes
Upper GI Tract Dysfunction; Chapters 54&55
Know lab values for exam.
GERD
o Gastric content leaks into the esophagus due to weakening of the lower esophageal
sphincter and pyloric stenosis.
o Alcohol, cigarettes, pregnancy, obesity, medications, and hiatal hernia increase risk
of GERD.
Education on cessation of alcohol and cigarettes.
Avoid bending of laying flat after eating, take medications,
encourage weight loss.
o Gastric content has pH of 0.8-1.5
o Signs and symptoms include dyspepsia, regurgitation, belching, dysphagia, epigastric
pain and heartburn.
o Increase of abdominal pressure = GERD episode.
o Treatment includes management of foods/substances linked with GERD episodes,
antacids, histamine blockers and proton pump inhibitors.
(Maalox, Mylanta, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole,
pantoprazole, esomeprazole.)
o Review IGGY pg. 1088, Table 54-1
Hiatal hernia
o Causation of GERD.
o Protrusion of stomach through the esophageal hiatus.
o Treatment includes surgical repair/same treatments as GERD.
Esophageal cancer
o Signs and symptoms include persistent dysphagia, severe chest/abdominal pain,
regurgitations, hoarseness, anorexia, N/V, and weight loss.
Dysphagia
o Difficulty swallowing.
o Barium swallow/swallow screen performed by OT.
o Thickened fluids, HOB @ 30-45 degrees.
Gastritis
o Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain not relieved by food, N/V, hematemesis,
gastric hemorrhage, heartburn, anorexia
o Causative factors include long-term NSAID use, H. Pylori, alcohol, coffee, caffeine,
corticosteroids.
o Treat with H2 receptor antagonists, antacids and PPIs. If cause is H. Pylori treat with
antibiotics.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
o Causitive factors include H. Pylori, smoking, alcohol use, chronic NSAID use, family
HX.
Upper GI Tract Dysfunction; Chapters 54&55
Know lab values for exam.
GERD
o Gastric content leaks into the esophagus due to weakening of the lower esophageal
sphincter and pyloric stenosis.
o Alcohol, cigarettes, pregnancy, obesity, medications, and hiatal hernia increase risk
of GERD.
Education on cessation of alcohol and cigarettes.
Avoid bending of laying flat after eating, take medications,
encourage weight loss.
o Gastric content has pH of 0.8-1.5
o Signs and symptoms include dyspepsia, regurgitation, belching, dysphagia, epigastric
pain and heartburn.
o Increase of abdominal pressure = GERD episode.
o Treatment includes management of foods/substances linked with GERD episodes,
antacids, histamine blockers and proton pump inhibitors.
(Maalox, Mylanta, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole,
pantoprazole, esomeprazole.)
o Review IGGY pg. 1088, Table 54-1
Hiatal hernia
o Causation of GERD.
o Protrusion of stomach through the esophageal hiatus.
o Treatment includes surgical repair/same treatments as GERD.
Esophageal cancer
o Signs and symptoms include persistent dysphagia, severe chest/abdominal pain,
regurgitations, hoarseness, anorexia, N/V, and weight loss.
Dysphagia
o Difficulty swallowing.
o Barium swallow/swallow screen performed by OT.
o Thickened fluids, HOB @ 30-45 degrees.
Gastritis
o Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain not relieved by food, N/V, hematemesis,
gastric hemorrhage, heartburn, anorexia
o Causative factors include long-term NSAID use, H. Pylori, alcohol, coffee, caffeine,
corticosteroids.
o Treat with H2 receptor antagonists, antacids and PPIs. If cause is H. Pylori treat with
antibiotics.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
o Causitive factors include H. Pylori, smoking, alcohol use, chronic NSAID use, family
HX.
