TEST BANK
g
Latest Study Guide A Grade
g g g g
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THEgBIOLOGICgBASISgFORgDISEASEgINgADULTSgANDgCHILDREN
8thgEdition
KathryngL.gMcCance,gSuegE.gHuether
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 2
Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. Whichgstatementgbestgdescribesgthegcellulargfunctiongofgmetabolicgabsorption?
a. Cellsgcangproducegproteins.
b. Cellsgcangsecretegdigestivegenzymes.
c. Cellsgcangtakegingandgusegnutrients.
d. Cellsgcangsynthesizegfats.
ANS:g C
Ingmetabolicgabsorption,gallgcellsgtakegingandgusegnutrientsgandgothergsubstancesgfromgtheirgsurr
oundings.gThegremaininggoptionsgaregnotginclusivegingtheirgdescriptionsgofgcellulargmetabolicgab
sorption.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
2. Wheregisgmostgofgagcell’sggeneticginformation,gincludinggRNAgandgDNA,gcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:g C
Thegnucleusgcontainsgthegnucleolus,gagsmallgdensegstructuregcomposedglargelygofgRNA,gmostg
ofgthegcellulargDNA,gandgthegDNA-
bindinggproteins,gsuchgasgtheghistones,gwhichgregulategitsgactivity.gThegmitochondriagaregrespo
nsiblegforgcellulargrespirationgandgenergygproduction.
Ribosomes’gchiefgfunctiongisgtogprovidegsitesgforgcellulargproteingsynthesis.gLysosomesgfunctio
ngasgthegintracellulargdigestivegsystem.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
3. Whichgcomponentgofgthegcellgproducesghydrogengperoxideg(H2O2)gbygusinggoxygengtogremo
veghydrogengatomsgfromgspecificgsubstratesgingangoxidativegreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:g B
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 3
Peroxisomesgaregsognamedgbecausegtheygusuallygcontaingenzymesgthatgusegoxygengtogremovegh
ydrogengatomsgfromgspecificgsubstratesgingangoxidativegreactiongthatgproducesgH2O2,gwhichgisga
gpowerfulgoxidantgandgpotentiallygdestructivegifgitgaccumulatesgorgescapesgfromgperoxisomes.
RibosomesgaregRNA-
proteingcomplexesg(nucleoproteins)gthatgaregsynthesizedgingthegnucleolusgandgsecretedgintogtheg
cytoplasmgthroughgporesgingthegnucleargenvelopegcalledgnucleargporegcomplexes.gLysosomesga
regsaclikegstructuresgthatgoriginategfromgthegGolgigcomplexgandgcontaingmoregthang40gdigestive
genzymesgcalledghydrolases,gwhichgcatalyzegbondsgingproteins,glipids,gnucleicgacids,gandgcarbo
hydrates.gAngendosomegisgagvesicalgthatghasgbeengpinchedgoffgfromgthegcellulargmembrane.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
4. Whichgcellgcomponentgisgcapablegofgcellulargautodigestiongwhengitgisgreleasedgduringgcellginjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgigcomplex
c. Smoothgendoplasmicgreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:g D
Theglysosomalgmembranegactsgasgagprotectivegshieldgbetweengthegpowerfulgdigestivegenzymesg
withingtheglysosomegandgthegcytoplasm,gpreventinggtheirgleakagegintogthegcytoplasmicgmatrix.g
Disruptiongofgthegmembranegbygvariousgtreatmentsgorgcellularginjurygleadsgtogagreleasegofgthegl
ysosomalgenzymes,gwhichgcangthengreactgwithgtheirgspecificgsubstrates,gcausinggcellulargself-
gdigestion.gThegchiefgfunctiongofgagribosomegisgtogprovidegsitesgforgcellulargproteingsynthesis.gT
hegGolgigcomplexgisgagnetworkgofgflattened,gsmoothgvesiclesgandgmembranesgoftenglocatedgnear
gthegcellgnucleus.gThegsmoothgendoplasmicgreticulumgisginvolvedgingsteroidghormonegproductio
ngandgremovinggtoxicgsubstancesgfromgthegcell.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
5. WhichgcAMP-mediatedgresponsegisgrelatedgtogantidiureticghormone?
a. Increasedgheartgrategandgforcegofgcontraction
b. Secretiongofgcortisol
c. Increasedgretentiongofgwater
d. Breakdowngofgfat
ANS:g C
Antidiureticghormonegleadsgtogincreasedgretentiongofgwatergingthegbody.gEpinephrinegcause
sgincreasesgingheartgrategandgforcegofgcontraction.gIncreasedgcortisolgsecretiongisgduegtogAC
TH.gBreakdowngofgfatgisgduegtogglucagon.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
6. DuringgwhichgphasegofgthegcellgcyclegisgDNAgsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 4
ANS:g B
Thegfourgdesignatedgphasesgofgthegcellgcyclegare:g(1)gthegG1gphaseg(Gg=ggap),gwhichgisgthegperio
dgbetweengthegMgphaseg(Mg=gmitosis)gandgthegstartgofgDNAgsynthesis;g(2)gthegSgphaseg(Sg=gsyn
thesis),gduringgwhichgDNAgisgsynthesizedgingthegcellgnucleus;g(3)gthegG2gphase,gduringgwhichgR
NAgandgproteingsynthesisgoccurs,gthegperiodgbetweengthegcompletiongofgDNAgsynthesisgandgtheg
nextgphaseg(M);gandg(4)gthegMgphase,gwhichgincludesgnucleargandgcytoplasmicgdivision.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
7. Whatgorganicgcompoundgfacilitatesgtransportationgacrossgcellgmembranesgbygactinggasgreceptor
s,gtransportgchannelsgforgelectrolytes,gandgenzymesgtogdrivegactivegpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:g C
Proteinsghavegseveralgfunctions,gincludinggactinggasgreceptors,gtransportgchannelsgforgelectrolyte
s,gandgenzymesgtogdrivegactivegpumpsgLipidsghelpgactgasgtheg“glue”gholdinggcellgmembranesgtog
ether.gProteasesgcausegthegbreakdowngofgprotein.gCarbohydratesgareginvolvedgingcellulargprotecti
ongandglubricationgandghelpgproducegenergygviagoxidativegphosphorylation.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
8. Understandinggthegvariousgstepsgofgproteolyticgcascadesgmaygbegusefulgingdesigninggdruggtherap
ygforgwhichghumangdiseases?
a. Cardiacgandgvasculargdisorders
b. Autoimmunegandgmalignantgdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalgandgrenalgdisorders
d. Endocrinegandggastrointestinalgdisorders
ANS:g B
Understandinggthegvariousgstepsginvolvedgingthisgprocessgisgcrucialgforgdesigninggdruggi
nterventions.gDysregulationgofgproteasesgfeaturesgprominentlygingmanyghumangdiseases
,gincludinggcancer,gautoimmunity,gandgneurodegenerativegdisorders.gCardiac,gvascular,g
gastrointestinal,grenal,gandgendocrinegdisordersgdognotginvolvegthisgprocess.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
9. Whichgstructuregpreventsgwater-
solublegmoleculesgfromgenteringgcellsgacrossgthegplasmagmembrane?
a. Carbohydrategchains
b. Glycoproteingchannels
c. Membranegchannelgproteins
d. Lipidgbilayer
ANS:g D
g
Latest Study Guide A Grade
g g g g
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THEgBIOLOGICgBASISgFORgDISEASEgINgADULTSgANDgCHILDREN
8thgEdition
KathryngL.gMcCance,gSuegE.gHuether
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 2
Chapterg01:gCellulargBiology
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. Whichgstatementgbestgdescribesgthegcellulargfunctiongofgmetabolicgabsorption?
a. Cellsgcangproducegproteins.
b. Cellsgcangsecretegdigestivegenzymes.
c. Cellsgcangtakegingandgusegnutrients.
d. Cellsgcangsynthesizegfats.
ANS:g C
Ingmetabolicgabsorption,gallgcellsgtakegingandgusegnutrientsgandgothergsubstancesgfromgtheirgsurr
oundings.gThegremaininggoptionsgaregnotginclusivegingtheirgdescriptionsgofgcellulargmetabolicgab
sorption.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
2. Wheregisgmostgofgagcell’sggeneticginformation,gincludinggRNAgandgDNA,gcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:g C
Thegnucleusgcontainsgthegnucleolus,gagsmallgdensegstructuregcomposedglargelygofgRNA,gmostg
ofgthegcellulargDNA,gandgthegDNA-
bindinggproteins,gsuchgasgtheghistones,gwhichgregulategitsgactivity.gThegmitochondriagaregrespo
nsiblegforgcellulargrespirationgandgenergygproduction.
Ribosomes’gchiefgfunctiongisgtogprovidegsitesgforgcellulargproteingsynthesis.gLysosomesgfunctio
ngasgthegintracellulargdigestivegsystem.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
3. Whichgcomponentgofgthegcellgproducesghydrogengperoxideg(H2O2)gbygusinggoxygengtogremo
veghydrogengatomsgfromgspecificgsubstratesgingangoxidativegreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:g B
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 3
Peroxisomesgaregsognamedgbecausegtheygusuallygcontaingenzymesgthatgusegoxygengtogremovegh
ydrogengatomsgfromgspecificgsubstratesgingangoxidativegreactiongthatgproducesgH2O2,gwhichgisga
gpowerfulgoxidantgandgpotentiallygdestructivegifgitgaccumulatesgorgescapesgfromgperoxisomes.
RibosomesgaregRNA-
proteingcomplexesg(nucleoproteins)gthatgaregsynthesizedgingthegnucleolusgandgsecretedgintogtheg
cytoplasmgthroughgporesgingthegnucleargenvelopegcalledgnucleargporegcomplexes.gLysosomesga
regsaclikegstructuresgthatgoriginategfromgthegGolgigcomplexgandgcontaingmoregthang40gdigestive
genzymesgcalledghydrolases,gwhichgcatalyzegbondsgingproteins,glipids,gnucleicgacids,gandgcarbo
hydrates.gAngendosomegisgagvesicalgthatghasgbeengpinchedgoffgfromgthegcellulargmembrane.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
4. Whichgcellgcomponentgisgcapablegofgcellulargautodigestiongwhengitgisgreleasedgduringgcellginjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgigcomplex
c. Smoothgendoplasmicgreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:g D
Theglysosomalgmembranegactsgasgagprotectivegshieldgbetweengthegpowerfulgdigestivegenzymesg
withingtheglysosomegandgthegcytoplasm,gpreventinggtheirgleakagegintogthegcytoplasmicgmatrix.g
Disruptiongofgthegmembranegbygvariousgtreatmentsgorgcellularginjurygleadsgtogagreleasegofgthegl
ysosomalgenzymes,gwhichgcangthengreactgwithgtheirgspecificgsubstrates,gcausinggcellulargself-
gdigestion.gThegchiefgfunctiongofgagribosomegisgtogprovidegsitesgforgcellulargproteingsynthesis.gT
hegGolgigcomplexgisgagnetworkgofgflattened,gsmoothgvesiclesgandgmembranesgoftenglocatedgnear
gthegcellgnucleus.gThegsmoothgendoplasmicgreticulumgisginvolvedgingsteroidghormonegproductio
ngandgremovinggtoxicgsubstancesgfromgthegcell.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
5. WhichgcAMP-mediatedgresponsegisgrelatedgtogantidiureticghormone?
a. Increasedgheartgrategandgforcegofgcontraction
b. Secretiongofgcortisol
c. Increasedgretentiongofgwater
d. Breakdowngofgfat
ANS:g C
Antidiureticghormonegleadsgtogincreasedgretentiongofgwatergingthegbody.gEpinephrinegcause
sgincreasesgingheartgrategandgforcegofgcontraction.gIncreasedgcortisolgsecretiongisgduegtogAC
TH.gBreakdowngofgfatgisgduegtogglucagon.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
6. DuringgwhichgphasegofgthegcellgcyclegisgDNAgsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
, TestgBankg-gPathophysiology:gThegBiologicgBasisgforgDiseasegingAdultsgandgChildreng(8th)ggggg 4
ANS:g B
Thegfourgdesignatedgphasesgofgthegcellgcyclegare:g(1)gthegG1gphaseg(Gg=ggap),gwhichgisgthegperio
dgbetweengthegMgphaseg(Mg=gmitosis)gandgthegstartgofgDNAgsynthesis;g(2)gthegSgphaseg(Sg=gsyn
thesis),gduringgwhichgDNAgisgsynthesizedgingthegcellgnucleus;g(3)gthegG2gphase,gduringgwhichgR
NAgandgproteingsynthesisgoccurs,gthegperiodgbetweengthegcompletiongofgDNAgsynthesisgandgtheg
nextgphaseg(M);gandg(4)gthegMgphase,gwhichgincludesgnucleargandgcytoplasmicgdivision.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
7. Whatgorganicgcompoundgfacilitatesgtransportationgacrossgcellgmembranesgbygactinggasgreceptor
s,gtransportgchannelsgforgelectrolytes,gandgenzymesgtogdrivegactivegpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:g C
Proteinsghavegseveralgfunctions,gincludinggactinggasgreceptors,gtransportgchannelsgforgelectrolyte
s,gandgenzymesgtogdrivegactivegpumpsgLipidsghelpgactgasgtheg“glue”gholdinggcellgmembranesgtog
ether.gProteasesgcausegthegbreakdowngofgprotein.gCarbohydratesgareginvolvedgingcellulargprotecti
ongandglubricationgandghelpgproducegenergygviagoxidativegphosphorylation.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
8. Understandinggthegvariousgstepsgofgproteolyticgcascadesgmaygbegusefulgingdesigninggdruggtherap
ygforgwhichghumangdiseases?
a. Cardiacgandgvasculargdisorders
b. Autoimmunegandgmalignantgdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalgandgrenalgdisorders
d. Endocrinegandggastrointestinalgdisorders
ANS:g B
Understandinggthegvariousgstepsginvolvedgingthisgprocessgisgcrucialgforgdesigninggdruggi
nterventions.gDysregulationgofgproteasesgfeaturesgprominentlygingmanyghumangdiseases
,gincludinggcancer,gautoimmunity,gandgneurodegenerativegdisorders.gCardiac,gvascular,g
gastrointestinal,grenal,gandgendocrinegdisordersgdognotginvolvegthisgprocess.
PTS:ggg 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gRemembering
9. Whichgstructuregpreventsgwater-
solublegmoleculesgfromgenteringgcellsgacrossgthegplasmagmembrane?
a. Carbohydrategchains
b. Glycoproteingchannels
c. Membranegchannelgproteins
d. Lipidgbilayer
ANS:g D
