DSCC Fundamentals of Nursing Exam Five
Part One - Urinary and Bowel
Elimination, Perioperative Nursing, and
Oxygenation Exam Questions with
Correct Answers 2025 Graded A
◉What is stidor? -obstruction in larynx or trachea
-high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound
-no stethoscope
◉What is a wheeze? -musical sound
-partially obstructed small airway (fluid in lungs)
◉How do you promote optimal respiratory function? -prevent healthcare-associated
pneumonia
-promote immunization for flu and pneumonia
-support smoking cessation
-position for maximum ventilation
-assist with incentive spirometry
-take aspiration precautions
-deep breathing and coughing
-maintain hydration
◉What is chest physiotherapy? -it moves secretions to the large, central airways for
expectoration or suctioning
◉What is postural drainage? -uses gravity to drain the lungs
-position the affected area uppermost so that secretions will drain down toward the
large, central airways
-if patient has pneumonia in the right lower lobe, you would place them on their left side
◉What is chest percussion? -rhythmic clapping of chest wall with cupped hands
◉What is chest vibration? -vibration of chest wall with palms of hands
◉What is pulse oximetry? -noninvasive estimation of arterial blood saturation
◉What is capnography? -measures the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and
exhaled air
,◉What are arterial blood gases (ABGs)? -measures the levels of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood
-blood sample obtained from the artery
◉What is a nasal cannula? -1-6L/min
-check that prongs are in patient's nose facing upwards
-works best if patient breathes through the nose
-assess for dryness of the nose
-apply humidification for rates above 3L/min
◉What is a simple face mask? -5-10L/min
-requires flow rates greater than 5 L/min to prevent accumulation and rebreathing of
exhaled CO2 from within the mask
-place face mask securely over the mouth and nose
-elastic straps fit around the head
-place gauze of other soft material beneath the straps to prevent irritation
-check the skin around the mask frequently
◉What is a partial rebreather mask? -6-15 L/min
-uses the reservoir bag to capture some exhaled gas for rebreathing
-patient rebreathes some exhaled air along with O2
-allows higher FIo2 levels to be delivered because O2 is collected in the reservoir bag
for inhalation
-exhalation ports allow most exhaled air to escape
-maintain the flow at a high enough rate to prevent the reservoir bag from collapsing
during inhalation
◉What is a nonrebreather mask? -6-15 L/min
-last line of defense
-a type of reservoir bag mask, a valve keeps exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag
-contains only O2, which allows higher FIO2 delivery
-an FIO2 of 70-100% can be delivered
-this mask is the ONLY EXTERNAL DEVICE capable of delivering an FIO2 of 100%
(rare to achieve above a 75%)
-maintain the flow at a high enough rate to keep the reservoir atleast 1/3-1/2 full during
inhalation
-be sure the mask fits snugly so the patient will breathe in less room air
◉What are some diseases in other systems that affect urinary elimination? -
cardiovascular disorders (decrease blood flow to kidney)
-nervous system; neurogenic bladder (impaired signals sent from bladder to brain
-cognitive changes, impaired communication
◉What are the 6 types of urinary incontinence? KNOW THESE -stress
-urge
, -overflow
-reflex
-functional
-transient
◉What is stress incontinence? -loss of small amounts of urine from increased
abdominal pressure with laughing, sneezing, or lifting
◉What is urge incontinence? -bladder FULLY empties
-inability to stop urine flow long enough to reach the bathroom due to overactive
detrusor muscle with increased bladder pressure
◉What is overflow incontinence? -bladder DOESN'T fully empty
-urinary retention from bladder over-distention and frequent loss of small amounts or
urine due to obstruction or impaired detrusor muscle
◉What is reflex incontinence? -involuntary loss of a moderate amount of urine usually
without warning
-usually from spinal cord dysfunction
◉What is functional incontinence? -loss of urine due to factors that interfere with
responding to the need to urinate
-cognitive, mobility impairment
◉What is transient incontinence? -reversible incontinence due to inflammation or
irritation from UTI disease process or medications
◉What is intake and output? -recording all fluids
-intake: oral fluids, semiliquid foods, ice chips, IV fluids, tube feedings, and irrigations
-output: urine output, GI fluid loss, drainage from suctioning devices or wounds
-let patient and family know you are measuring I&O
-know if you should measure hourly, every shift, or every 24 hours
◉What is a clean-catch specimen? -sample collected mid stream
◉What is a sterile urine specimen? -sample collected using urinary catheter
◉What is a 24 hour urine collection? -collect all urine during 24 hour period for labs
-discard the 1st urine sample and begin collected the rest
-samples need to be COLD, so catheter bags must be put on ice
◉How do you promote normal urination? -provide privacy (avoids
anxiety/embarrassment)
-assist with positioning (normal positioning for urination)
-facilitate toilet routines (work around schedule, after meals)
-promote adequate fluids and nutrition (8oz water 10x/day)
Part One - Urinary and Bowel
Elimination, Perioperative Nursing, and
Oxygenation Exam Questions with
Correct Answers 2025 Graded A
◉What is stidor? -obstruction in larynx or trachea
-high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound
-no stethoscope
◉What is a wheeze? -musical sound
-partially obstructed small airway (fluid in lungs)
◉How do you promote optimal respiratory function? -prevent healthcare-associated
pneumonia
-promote immunization for flu and pneumonia
-support smoking cessation
-position for maximum ventilation
-assist with incentive spirometry
-take aspiration precautions
-deep breathing and coughing
-maintain hydration
◉What is chest physiotherapy? -it moves secretions to the large, central airways for
expectoration or suctioning
◉What is postural drainage? -uses gravity to drain the lungs
-position the affected area uppermost so that secretions will drain down toward the
large, central airways
-if patient has pneumonia in the right lower lobe, you would place them on their left side
◉What is chest percussion? -rhythmic clapping of chest wall with cupped hands
◉What is chest vibration? -vibration of chest wall with palms of hands
◉What is pulse oximetry? -noninvasive estimation of arterial blood saturation
◉What is capnography? -measures the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and
exhaled air
,◉What are arterial blood gases (ABGs)? -measures the levels of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood
-blood sample obtained from the artery
◉What is a nasal cannula? -1-6L/min
-check that prongs are in patient's nose facing upwards
-works best if patient breathes through the nose
-assess for dryness of the nose
-apply humidification for rates above 3L/min
◉What is a simple face mask? -5-10L/min
-requires flow rates greater than 5 L/min to prevent accumulation and rebreathing of
exhaled CO2 from within the mask
-place face mask securely over the mouth and nose
-elastic straps fit around the head
-place gauze of other soft material beneath the straps to prevent irritation
-check the skin around the mask frequently
◉What is a partial rebreather mask? -6-15 L/min
-uses the reservoir bag to capture some exhaled gas for rebreathing
-patient rebreathes some exhaled air along with O2
-allows higher FIo2 levels to be delivered because O2 is collected in the reservoir bag
for inhalation
-exhalation ports allow most exhaled air to escape
-maintain the flow at a high enough rate to prevent the reservoir bag from collapsing
during inhalation
◉What is a nonrebreather mask? -6-15 L/min
-last line of defense
-a type of reservoir bag mask, a valve keeps exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag
-contains only O2, which allows higher FIO2 delivery
-an FIO2 of 70-100% can be delivered
-this mask is the ONLY EXTERNAL DEVICE capable of delivering an FIO2 of 100%
(rare to achieve above a 75%)
-maintain the flow at a high enough rate to keep the reservoir atleast 1/3-1/2 full during
inhalation
-be sure the mask fits snugly so the patient will breathe in less room air
◉What are some diseases in other systems that affect urinary elimination? -
cardiovascular disorders (decrease blood flow to kidney)
-nervous system; neurogenic bladder (impaired signals sent from bladder to brain
-cognitive changes, impaired communication
◉What are the 6 types of urinary incontinence? KNOW THESE -stress
-urge
, -overflow
-reflex
-functional
-transient
◉What is stress incontinence? -loss of small amounts of urine from increased
abdominal pressure with laughing, sneezing, or lifting
◉What is urge incontinence? -bladder FULLY empties
-inability to stop urine flow long enough to reach the bathroom due to overactive
detrusor muscle with increased bladder pressure
◉What is overflow incontinence? -bladder DOESN'T fully empty
-urinary retention from bladder over-distention and frequent loss of small amounts or
urine due to obstruction or impaired detrusor muscle
◉What is reflex incontinence? -involuntary loss of a moderate amount of urine usually
without warning
-usually from spinal cord dysfunction
◉What is functional incontinence? -loss of urine due to factors that interfere with
responding to the need to urinate
-cognitive, mobility impairment
◉What is transient incontinence? -reversible incontinence due to inflammation or
irritation from UTI disease process or medications
◉What is intake and output? -recording all fluids
-intake: oral fluids, semiliquid foods, ice chips, IV fluids, tube feedings, and irrigations
-output: urine output, GI fluid loss, drainage from suctioning devices or wounds
-let patient and family know you are measuring I&O
-know if you should measure hourly, every shift, or every 24 hours
◉What is a clean-catch specimen? -sample collected mid stream
◉What is a sterile urine specimen? -sample collected using urinary catheter
◉What is a 24 hour urine collection? -collect all urine during 24 hour period for labs
-discard the 1st urine sample and begin collected the rest
-samples need to be COLD, so catheter bags must be put on ice
◉How do you promote normal urination? -provide privacy (avoids
anxiety/embarrassment)
-assist with positioning (normal positioning for urination)
-facilitate toilet routines (work around schedule, after meals)
-promote adequate fluids and nutrition (8oz water 10x/day)
