ANATOMY
Supported by Teach Me Anatomy
RENAL AND
REPRODUCTIVE
MODULE
, Contents
• Gross Anatomy of Male Reproductive organs Page. 2 - 29
• Expected Questions (1) Page. 29 – 33
• Gross Anatomy of Female Reproductive organs Page. 34 – 59
• Expected Questions (2) Page. 59 – 64
• Histology of Male Reproductive organs Page. 65 - 75
• Histology of Female Reproductive organs Page. 76 – 86
• Development of Reproductive Organs Page. 87 – 100
• Pelvis, Perineum, Inguinal canal, Breast Page. 101 – 126
• Expected Questions (3) Page. 127 – 129
• Urinary System Page 130 – 167
• Expected Questions (4) Page 168 – 170
1
, Male External Genital Organs
Scrotum
• The scrotum is a fibromuscular cutaneous sac, located between the penis and anus.
• It is dual-chambered, forming an expansion of the perineum, having 2 layers: skin and
superficial fascia.
• Embryologically, the scrotum is derived from the paired genital swellings.
• During development, the genital swellings fuse in the midline – in the adult this fusion is
marked by the scrotal raphe. The scrotum is biologically homologous to the labia
majora.
• Right and left scrotum are divided by scrotum raphe externally and scrotum septum
internally. The skin is dark-colored and wrinkled.
Tunica vaginalis
Figure. The scrotum, muscle layer and contents.
2
, • The scrotum contains three major (paired) structures:
o Testis – the site of sperm production.
o Epididymis – situated at the head of each testicle. It functions as a storage
reservoir for sperm.
o Spermatic cord – a collection of muscle fibers, vessels, nerves and ducts that
run to and from the testes.
• There is also muscle fibers located within the scrotum.
• The dartos muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle, situated immediately underneath the
skin. It acts to help regulate the temperature of the scrotum, by wrinkling the skin
when cold – this decreases surface area, reducing heat loss.
• It is important because spermatogenesis needs a controlled temperature at 3℃ below
normal temperature.
• Dartos muscle is supplied by perineal branches of 4 th and 5 th sacral spinal nerves.
Figure. Layers of scrotum
3
Supported by Teach Me Anatomy
RENAL AND
REPRODUCTIVE
MODULE
, Contents
• Gross Anatomy of Male Reproductive organs Page. 2 - 29
• Expected Questions (1) Page. 29 – 33
• Gross Anatomy of Female Reproductive organs Page. 34 – 59
• Expected Questions (2) Page. 59 – 64
• Histology of Male Reproductive organs Page. 65 - 75
• Histology of Female Reproductive organs Page. 76 – 86
• Development of Reproductive Organs Page. 87 – 100
• Pelvis, Perineum, Inguinal canal, Breast Page. 101 – 126
• Expected Questions (3) Page. 127 – 129
• Urinary System Page 130 – 167
• Expected Questions (4) Page 168 – 170
1
, Male External Genital Organs
Scrotum
• The scrotum is a fibromuscular cutaneous sac, located between the penis and anus.
• It is dual-chambered, forming an expansion of the perineum, having 2 layers: skin and
superficial fascia.
• Embryologically, the scrotum is derived from the paired genital swellings.
• During development, the genital swellings fuse in the midline – in the adult this fusion is
marked by the scrotal raphe. The scrotum is biologically homologous to the labia
majora.
• Right and left scrotum are divided by scrotum raphe externally and scrotum septum
internally. The skin is dark-colored and wrinkled.
Tunica vaginalis
Figure. The scrotum, muscle layer and contents.
2
, • The scrotum contains three major (paired) structures:
o Testis – the site of sperm production.
o Epididymis – situated at the head of each testicle. It functions as a storage
reservoir for sperm.
o Spermatic cord – a collection of muscle fibers, vessels, nerves and ducts that
run to and from the testes.
• There is also muscle fibers located within the scrotum.
• The dartos muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle, situated immediately underneath the
skin. It acts to help regulate the temperature of the scrotum, by wrinkling the skin
when cold – this decreases surface area, reducing heat loss.
• It is important because spermatogenesis needs a controlled temperature at 3℃ below
normal temperature.
• Dartos muscle is supplied by perineal branches of 4 th and 5 th sacral spinal nerves.
Figure. Layers of scrotum
3
