Biology 1113 Exam 2 Study Guide 2
Actual Questions and verified Answers
Natural Selection - ANSWER-Process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce.
Genetic Drift - ANSWER-Random changes in gene frequencies in a population.
Intrasexual vs Intersexual selection - ANSWER-Competition within a sex vs mate choice by opposite sex.
Sexual dimorphism - ANSWER-Distinct differences in appearance between males and females.
Neuron - ANSWER-Specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.
Action potential - ANSWER-Electrical signal that travels along the neuron.
Synaptic transmission - ANSWER-Communication between neurons at synapses.
Vesicles - ANSWER-Small sacs that store and transport substances within cells.
Islets of Langerhans cell - ANSWER-Clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones.
Insulin vs glucagon - ANSWER-Hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
Beta vs alpha cells - ANSWER-Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin vs glucagon.
Resting membrane potential - ANSWER-Voltage across a neuron's membrane at rest (-70mv)
Threshold for an action potential - ANSWER-Minimum voltage required to trigger an action potential (-
50mV)
Maximum voltage before potassium flows out - ANSWER-Peak voltage reached during an action
potential (+30mV)
Glycolysis - ANSWER-Process of breaking down glucose for energy.
Location of glycolysis - ANSWER-Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Effect of oxygen on glycolysis - ANSWER-With oxygen: enters cellular respiration, without oxygen: enters
fermentation.
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-Series of proteins that generate ATP during cellular respiration.
Natural selection vs genetic drift - ANSWER-Selection based on fitness vs random changes in gene
frequencies.
Bottleneck - ANSWER-Drastic reduction in population size, leading to loss of genetic diversity.
Founder Effect - ANSWER-Genetic variation in a new population established by a small number of
individuals.
Speciation - ANSWER-Formation of new species from existing ones.
Intrasexual vs intersexual selection - ANSWER-Competition within a sex vs mate choice by opposite sex.
Chemical defenses - ANSWER-Toxins produced by organisms for defense purposes.
Actual Questions and verified Answers
Natural Selection - ANSWER-Process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce.
Genetic Drift - ANSWER-Random changes in gene frequencies in a population.
Intrasexual vs Intersexual selection - ANSWER-Competition within a sex vs mate choice by opposite sex.
Sexual dimorphism - ANSWER-Distinct differences in appearance between males and females.
Neuron - ANSWER-Specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.
Action potential - ANSWER-Electrical signal that travels along the neuron.
Synaptic transmission - ANSWER-Communication between neurons at synapses.
Vesicles - ANSWER-Small sacs that store and transport substances within cells.
Islets of Langerhans cell - ANSWER-Clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones.
Insulin vs glucagon - ANSWER-Hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
Beta vs alpha cells - ANSWER-Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin vs glucagon.
Resting membrane potential - ANSWER-Voltage across a neuron's membrane at rest (-70mv)
Threshold for an action potential - ANSWER-Minimum voltage required to trigger an action potential (-
50mV)
Maximum voltage before potassium flows out - ANSWER-Peak voltage reached during an action
potential (+30mV)
Glycolysis - ANSWER-Process of breaking down glucose for energy.
Location of glycolysis - ANSWER-Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Effect of oxygen on glycolysis - ANSWER-With oxygen: enters cellular respiration, without oxygen: enters
fermentation.
Electron Transport Chain - ANSWER-Series of proteins that generate ATP during cellular respiration.
Natural selection vs genetic drift - ANSWER-Selection based on fitness vs random changes in gene
frequencies.
Bottleneck - ANSWER-Drastic reduction in population size, leading to loss of genetic diversity.
Founder Effect - ANSWER-Genetic variation in a new population established by a small number of
individuals.
Speciation - ANSWER-Formation of new species from existing ones.
Intrasexual vs intersexual selection - ANSWER-Competition within a sex vs mate choice by opposite sex.
Chemical defenses - ANSWER-Toxins produced by organisms for defense purposes.
