Biomedical Informatics
4 information needs - correct answerunrecognized
recognized
persued
satisfied
4 Types of Biomedical Informatics - correct answerBioinformatics, Imaging info, Clinical
info, PH info
Bio-how info represented in biological systems
molecular level, DNA
Imaging-Images from radiology pathology organ systems
Clinical-EHR's, nursing informatics, diagnosis and treatment of diseases,
individual healthcare
Public Health- Prevention, populations, information science comp sci,has gvmt context
Adoption - correct answerno advantage if not used
varying prevelence in us
higherprevelence elsewhere
Advantages of EHR - correct answeraccess
lebility
reduced data entry
organization
multiple views like graphs
automated decision support like reminders and alerts
Advantages of not standardizing - correct answervendors: create market niche
users: promote local flexibility
Advantages of Standardization - correct answerInteroperability-sharing data coordiate
care
Intrepretation-query multiple sources to assess quality
Reduce Cost-no need to reinvent wheel
Improve commerical-interop make it easier to sell
Aggregate computing P1 - correct answergrid computing-integrate federated indovidual
computers to solve complex problems
cloud computing-software platform (virtualization ie more abstraction)
parallel computing-combine many cpu
Agile - correct answersmall teams, direct interaction
multiple iterations
steps not spelled out at beginning
work on small pieces at a time
,Algorithm - correct answerSoftware programs have these must be unambiguous and
have a clear stopping point
Approaches include - correct answerdeveloping mechanisms for anonymizing
information in individual patient records
decoupling data contained in records from
unique patient identifiers
appropriate use of HIT systems - correct answerappropriate to use when
it is clear to improve patient care
incurs reasobale cost
involves reasonable amount of time
Aspects of Data - correct answeruncertainty-known but less than 100% or unknowable
incompleteness-challenge in clinical practice: multiple care providers in many places
automated indexing - correct answerindex terms based on weight
automated indexing - correct answeruses the words in the doc
extracts all the words
weights assigned
Barriers - correct answerCost (licensing)
complexity
market uncertainty
Time
Big data - correct answeraggregating data from multiple sources
issues like security data mining, terminologies
Bit Byte Work P1 - correct answerbit=binary digit
byte=8 bits
word=combination of bytes
bits p second=oscillations on a communication channel
boolean - correct answerexact search
usually for searching bibliographic references
CDEs - correct answerChallenge: growing electronic means for capturing data
Goal: create standard libraries of instrument items and answer lists
Challenge: decentralized efforts not coordinated
CHI - correct answerconsolidated health informtaics initiative
, endorsed common standards: hl7 messages
LOINC labs vital signs
DICOM imaging
NCPDP pharmacy ordering
IEEE medical information bus
Classical EHR example - correct answerCOSTAR: MGH
encounter form input
modular design
display by encounter or problem
clinical system admin must balance - correct answerprotect confindentiality
help improve care by ensuring integrityof relevant data
Clinical system purchasers should not be
absolved from liability if harm occurs - correct answerinadequate training and education
inadequate provision of resources for
implementation
inadequate customization/tailoring to unique
environment
inappropriate use
Clinicians knwoledge based info barriers can be reduced by - correct answerproviding
timely info in context of that patient
integrate info resources into clinical info systems
Codes and Coding - correct answercodes can be hierarchical and arbitrary
Hierarchy: different parts of code have a different meaning
Arbitrary: Random assignment
two related concepts can have very diff codes (LOINC)
Coiera CH9 information management system P1 - correct answerused to guide activity
can be formal or informal
Columbia - correct answerused infobuttons
users click it in EHR system
standardized context info gathered about users patients clinical task performed and
clinical data
infobutton had question id, natural language for question, and url for the search
4 information needs - correct answerunrecognized
recognized
persued
satisfied
4 Types of Biomedical Informatics - correct answerBioinformatics, Imaging info, Clinical
info, PH info
Bio-how info represented in biological systems
molecular level, DNA
Imaging-Images from radiology pathology organ systems
Clinical-EHR's, nursing informatics, diagnosis and treatment of diseases,
individual healthcare
Public Health- Prevention, populations, information science comp sci,has gvmt context
Adoption - correct answerno advantage if not used
varying prevelence in us
higherprevelence elsewhere
Advantages of EHR - correct answeraccess
lebility
reduced data entry
organization
multiple views like graphs
automated decision support like reminders and alerts
Advantages of not standardizing - correct answervendors: create market niche
users: promote local flexibility
Advantages of Standardization - correct answerInteroperability-sharing data coordiate
care
Intrepretation-query multiple sources to assess quality
Reduce Cost-no need to reinvent wheel
Improve commerical-interop make it easier to sell
Aggregate computing P1 - correct answergrid computing-integrate federated indovidual
computers to solve complex problems
cloud computing-software platform (virtualization ie more abstraction)
parallel computing-combine many cpu
Agile - correct answersmall teams, direct interaction
multiple iterations
steps not spelled out at beginning
work on small pieces at a time
,Algorithm - correct answerSoftware programs have these must be unambiguous and
have a clear stopping point
Approaches include - correct answerdeveloping mechanisms for anonymizing
information in individual patient records
decoupling data contained in records from
unique patient identifiers
appropriate use of HIT systems - correct answerappropriate to use when
it is clear to improve patient care
incurs reasobale cost
involves reasonable amount of time
Aspects of Data - correct answeruncertainty-known but less than 100% or unknowable
incompleteness-challenge in clinical practice: multiple care providers in many places
automated indexing - correct answerindex terms based on weight
automated indexing - correct answeruses the words in the doc
extracts all the words
weights assigned
Barriers - correct answerCost (licensing)
complexity
market uncertainty
Time
Big data - correct answeraggregating data from multiple sources
issues like security data mining, terminologies
Bit Byte Work P1 - correct answerbit=binary digit
byte=8 bits
word=combination of bytes
bits p second=oscillations on a communication channel
boolean - correct answerexact search
usually for searching bibliographic references
CDEs - correct answerChallenge: growing electronic means for capturing data
Goal: create standard libraries of instrument items and answer lists
Challenge: decentralized efforts not coordinated
CHI - correct answerconsolidated health informtaics initiative
, endorsed common standards: hl7 messages
LOINC labs vital signs
DICOM imaging
NCPDP pharmacy ordering
IEEE medical information bus
Classical EHR example - correct answerCOSTAR: MGH
encounter form input
modular design
display by encounter or problem
clinical system admin must balance - correct answerprotect confindentiality
help improve care by ensuring integrityof relevant data
Clinical system purchasers should not be
absolved from liability if harm occurs - correct answerinadequate training and education
inadequate provision of resources for
implementation
inadequate customization/tailoring to unique
environment
inappropriate use
Clinicians knwoledge based info barriers can be reduced by - correct answerproviding
timely info in context of that patient
integrate info resources into clinical info systems
Codes and Coding - correct answercodes can be hierarchical and arbitrary
Hierarchy: different parts of code have a different meaning
Arbitrary: Random assignment
two related concepts can have very diff codes (LOINC)
Coiera CH9 information management system P1 - correct answerused to guide activity
can be formal or informal
Columbia - correct answerused infobuttons
users click it in EHR system
standardized context info gathered about users patients clinical task performed and
clinical data
infobutton had question id, natural language for question, and url for the search
