Microbiology Chapter 3 2025/2026 TEST
WITH ASSURED CORRECT ANSWERS
Prokaryotes can be distinguished from eukaryotes by - ANSThe way their DNA is packaged (lack of
nucleus and histones) → Bacteria & Archaea have genetic material that is free inside the cell - The
makeup of their cell wall (peptidoglycan (Bacteria) and other unique chemicals (Archaea) providing
sturdy cell walls) - Their internal structure (lack of membrane bounded organelles)
All bacterial cells possess: - ANS-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-cytoskeleton
-one (or a few) chromosomes
cell membrane - ANSSurrounds cytoplasm
cytoplasm - ANSWater-based solution filling cell
Ribosomes - ANSSites of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - ANSEncircle cell inside cell membrane contributing to the shape of the cell
One (or a few) chromosome(s) - ANSComposed of condensed DNA molecules
•Most bacterial cells possess - ANScell wall
glycocalyx (surface coating)
, cell wall - ANSSemirigid casing providing structural support
Surface coating called a glycocalyx - ANSExternal to cell wall, serving protective, adhesive, and receptor
functions
Some but not all bacterial cells possess: - ANS-flagella, pili, and fimbriae
-an outer membrane
-plasmids
-inclusions
-endospores
-intracellular membranes
Flagella, pili, and fimbriae - ANSProvides for attachment, and motility
Outer membrane - ANSExternal to cell wall, contains lipopolysaccharide
Plasmids - ANSDouble-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes
Inclusions - ANSStored nutrient such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen
Endospores - ANSDormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse
conditions
prokaryotic cell - ANSA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
•Most prokaryotes (talking primarily about bacteria) exist as unicellular organisms - ANSSometimes they
can act as a group, in colonies or in biofilms (communicating with one another via chemicals that cause
the, to behave differently than if they were living singly) - Also capable of communicating nanotubes or
nanowires (appendages used for transferring electrons or other substances)
WITH ASSURED CORRECT ANSWERS
Prokaryotes can be distinguished from eukaryotes by - ANSThe way their DNA is packaged (lack of
nucleus and histones) → Bacteria & Archaea have genetic material that is free inside the cell - The
makeup of their cell wall (peptidoglycan (Bacteria) and other unique chemicals (Archaea) providing
sturdy cell walls) - Their internal structure (lack of membrane bounded organelles)
All bacterial cells possess: - ANS-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-ribosomes
-cytoskeleton
-one (or a few) chromosomes
cell membrane - ANSSurrounds cytoplasm
cytoplasm - ANSWater-based solution filling cell
Ribosomes - ANSSites of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - ANSEncircle cell inside cell membrane contributing to the shape of the cell
One (or a few) chromosome(s) - ANSComposed of condensed DNA molecules
•Most bacterial cells possess - ANScell wall
glycocalyx (surface coating)
, cell wall - ANSSemirigid casing providing structural support
Surface coating called a glycocalyx - ANSExternal to cell wall, serving protective, adhesive, and receptor
functions
Some but not all bacterial cells possess: - ANS-flagella, pili, and fimbriae
-an outer membrane
-plasmids
-inclusions
-endospores
-intracellular membranes
Flagella, pili, and fimbriae - ANSProvides for attachment, and motility
Outer membrane - ANSExternal to cell wall, contains lipopolysaccharide
Plasmids - ANSDouble-stranded DNA circle containing extra genes
Inclusions - ANSStored nutrient such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen
Endospores - ANSDormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse
conditions
prokaryotic cell - ANSA type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
•Most prokaryotes (talking primarily about bacteria) exist as unicellular organisms - ANSSometimes they
can act as a group, in colonies or in biofilms (communicating with one another via chemicals that cause
the, to behave differently than if they were living singly) - Also capable of communicating nanotubes or
nanowires (appendages used for transferring electrons or other substances)
