CRITICAL THINKING D265 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How do you know if the source is current and local? - Answer-check timestamps
check original source to determine location of reported events and relevance
Context Collapse - Answer-where social media can make it seem like something is
happening in your area right now
Deepfake - Answer-images or recordings that have been convincingly altered and
manipulated to misrepresent someone doing or saying something that was not actually
done or said
Bias - Answer-tendencies to have opinions that gravitate in a certain direction based on
desires and mental shortcuts instead of clear and careful thought.
Confirmation Bias - Answer-tendency to accept evidence that agrees with what you
already think and to reject evidence that disagrees with what you already think
Cognitive Bias - Answer-systemic mistakes, meaning they can affect almost all of our
decision making processes
Alief - Answer-an automatic belief like attitude that can explain how our instinctual
responses can conflict with our reasoned out beliefs
word created by philosophers to describe attitudes we have that are like beliefs, but not
conscious or only half conscious, and not necessarily ideas we would endorse if we
thought about them - Answer-Alief
Which is a example of a Alief? - Answer-You believe that a glass skywalk is safe, but
your automatic response is to fear of falling through the glass under your feet.
Representativeness Heuristic - Answer-a person or situation feels like its an example of
something just based on a few basic similarities.
Anchoring Bias - Answer-occurs when we are, so to speak, stuck on our first impression
of something.
Tendency to anchor to the first piece of information we have about a new domain and
then "adjust" up or down from there
Availability Heuristic - Answer-process of drawing conclusions based on the most easily
available information
, Selection Bias ( hasty generalization) - Answer-occurs when we draw a conclusion
about a larger group based on the few skewed examples from that group
sample we generalize from is too small or not representative of the larger target
population
Selective Reporting - Answer-occurs when the same data is reported differently to
achieve rhetorical goals.
When does bias happen? - Answer-when we reflexively follow our first or quickest
impressions, we can counteract its influence by stopping and asking questions
System 1 Thinking - Answer-fast, automatic, and emotional
System 2 Thinking - Answer-slow, deliberate and calculating
Ad Hominem ( Attacking the Person) - Answer-committed whenever someone attacks
the person who is making an argument rather than the argument itself
Genetic Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone focuses on where the
argument originated from as a reason to accept or reject the argument
Focusing on where the idea originates from, rather than on the argument you are
making. The fact is irrelevant to whether or not your idea is a good one.
Straw Figure Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone purposely misrepresents
another's argument in order to create an easier argument to attack
committed when one misrepresents another's argument then attacks the
misrepresented ( weaker) argument rather than the actual ( stronger) argument
Red Herring Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone introduces an irrelevant
topic that distracts others from the original argument
Propositions - Answer-statements that are expressed in sentences tht can be true or
false.
the sun never rises on Tuesdays
Tomatoes are fruits
1+1=2 - Answer-Propositions
non-propositions - Answer-expressed in sentences that cannot be either true or false
Let's go fly a kite
Give me the remote control
Which way is East? - Answer-Non-Propositions
Complex Propositions - Answer-depends on the truth of their parts and their internal
logic
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How do you know if the source is current and local? - Answer-check timestamps
check original source to determine location of reported events and relevance
Context Collapse - Answer-where social media can make it seem like something is
happening in your area right now
Deepfake - Answer-images or recordings that have been convincingly altered and
manipulated to misrepresent someone doing or saying something that was not actually
done or said
Bias - Answer-tendencies to have opinions that gravitate in a certain direction based on
desires and mental shortcuts instead of clear and careful thought.
Confirmation Bias - Answer-tendency to accept evidence that agrees with what you
already think and to reject evidence that disagrees with what you already think
Cognitive Bias - Answer-systemic mistakes, meaning they can affect almost all of our
decision making processes
Alief - Answer-an automatic belief like attitude that can explain how our instinctual
responses can conflict with our reasoned out beliefs
word created by philosophers to describe attitudes we have that are like beliefs, but not
conscious or only half conscious, and not necessarily ideas we would endorse if we
thought about them - Answer-Alief
Which is a example of a Alief? - Answer-You believe that a glass skywalk is safe, but
your automatic response is to fear of falling through the glass under your feet.
Representativeness Heuristic - Answer-a person or situation feels like its an example of
something just based on a few basic similarities.
Anchoring Bias - Answer-occurs when we are, so to speak, stuck on our first impression
of something.
Tendency to anchor to the first piece of information we have about a new domain and
then "adjust" up or down from there
Availability Heuristic - Answer-process of drawing conclusions based on the most easily
available information
, Selection Bias ( hasty generalization) - Answer-occurs when we draw a conclusion
about a larger group based on the few skewed examples from that group
sample we generalize from is too small or not representative of the larger target
population
Selective Reporting - Answer-occurs when the same data is reported differently to
achieve rhetorical goals.
When does bias happen? - Answer-when we reflexively follow our first or quickest
impressions, we can counteract its influence by stopping and asking questions
System 1 Thinking - Answer-fast, automatic, and emotional
System 2 Thinking - Answer-slow, deliberate and calculating
Ad Hominem ( Attacking the Person) - Answer-committed whenever someone attacks
the person who is making an argument rather than the argument itself
Genetic Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone focuses on where the
argument originated from as a reason to accept or reject the argument
Focusing on where the idea originates from, rather than on the argument you are
making. The fact is irrelevant to whether or not your idea is a good one.
Straw Figure Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone purposely misrepresents
another's argument in order to create an easier argument to attack
committed when one misrepresents another's argument then attacks the
misrepresented ( weaker) argument rather than the actual ( stronger) argument
Red Herring Fallacy - Answer-committed whenever someone introduces an irrelevant
topic that distracts others from the original argument
Propositions - Answer-statements that are expressed in sentences tht can be true or
false.
the sun never rises on Tuesdays
Tomatoes are fruits
1+1=2 - Answer-Propositions
non-propositions - Answer-expressed in sentences that cannot be either true or false
Let's go fly a kite
Give me the remote control
Which way is East? - Answer-Non-Propositions
Complex Propositions - Answer-depends on the truth of their parts and their internal
logic
