CRITICAL THINKING D265 WGU
SECTION 1: QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Red Herring - Answer-A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention
from the subject under discussion
Slippery Slope - Answer-A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to
subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
Straw Person - Answer-Distorting our opponent's point of view so that it is easy to
attack; thus we attack a point of view that does not truly exist.
ad hominem - Answer-a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real
issue in dispute
Appeal to Ignorance - Answer-a fallacy based on the assumption that whatever has not
been proven false must be true
begging the question - Answer-A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or
support that is in doubt.
Confusion of Necessary with a Sufficient Condition - Answer-A fallacy where assuming
a required condition will suffice the conclusion.
Equivocation Fallacy - Answer-when a key word or phrase in an argument is used with
more than one meaning. It is an illegitimate switching of the meaning of a term during
the reasoning.
False Dilemma - Answer-A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of
options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.
faulty analogy - Answer-a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that
are not comparable
Inconsistency Fallacy - Answer-has two propositions which contradict each other
What is crtical thinking? - Answer-- Being curious and thinking creatively
- Separating the thinker from the position
- Knowing oneself enough to avoid biases and errors of thought
- Having intellectual honesty, humility, and charity
[being honest about what we know and how we know it, what evidence we have and
what questions are not yet settled]
, - Understanding arguments, reasons, and evidence
Propositions - Answer-Statements that can be true or false.
Non-Propositions - Answer-Sentences that are not statements about matters of fact (or
fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true or false.
Simple propositions - Answer-Have no internal logical structure, meaning whether they
are true or false does not depend on whether part of them is true or false. They are
simply true or false on their own.
Complex propositions - Answer-have internal logical structure, meaning they are
composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether
their parts are true or false.
Argument Anatomy - Answer-Premise + Premise = Conclusion
Premise - Answer-the claims, evidence, ideas, and so forth intended to support the
conclusion.
Conclusion - Answer-The conclusion is the claim that the whole argument is intended to
support or demonstrate or prove.
Arguments can go wrong in only two ways: - Answer-- Bad inferential structure
- False premise
Premise Indicators - Answer-because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in
that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we know this
by
Conclusion Indicators - Answer-therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it
follows that, implies that, as a result
Argument - Answer-A statement put forth and supported by evidence
What is meant by validity or strength of an argument? - Answer-Generally, Strong
Arguments are ones that are convincing. And an argument is valid if the premises(if
true) provide proof of the conclusion.
What are the different types of inferences? - Answer-- Deduction
- Induction
-Abduction
Inference - Answer-A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
SECTION 1: QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Red Herring - Answer-A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention
from the subject under discussion
Slippery Slope - Answer-A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to
subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
Straw Person - Answer-Distorting our opponent's point of view so that it is easy to
attack; thus we attack a point of view that does not truly exist.
ad hominem - Answer-a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real
issue in dispute
Appeal to Ignorance - Answer-a fallacy based on the assumption that whatever has not
been proven false must be true
begging the question - Answer-A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or
support that is in doubt.
Confusion of Necessary with a Sufficient Condition - Answer-A fallacy where assuming
a required condition will suffice the conclusion.
Equivocation Fallacy - Answer-when a key word or phrase in an argument is used with
more than one meaning. It is an illegitimate switching of the meaning of a term during
the reasoning.
False Dilemma - Answer-A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of
options (usually two) when in fact more options are available.
faulty analogy - Answer-a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that
are not comparable
Inconsistency Fallacy - Answer-has two propositions which contradict each other
What is crtical thinking? - Answer-- Being curious and thinking creatively
- Separating the thinker from the position
- Knowing oneself enough to avoid biases and errors of thought
- Having intellectual honesty, humility, and charity
[being honest about what we know and how we know it, what evidence we have and
what questions are not yet settled]
, - Understanding arguments, reasons, and evidence
Propositions - Answer-Statements that can be true or false.
Non-Propositions - Answer-Sentences that are not statements about matters of fact (or
fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true or false.
Simple propositions - Answer-Have no internal logical structure, meaning whether they
are true or false does not depend on whether part of them is true or false. They are
simply true or false on their own.
Complex propositions - Answer-have internal logical structure, meaning they are
composed of simple propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether
their parts are true or false.
Argument Anatomy - Answer-Premise + Premise = Conclusion
Premise - Answer-the claims, evidence, ideas, and so forth intended to support the
conclusion.
Conclusion - Answer-The conclusion is the claim that the whole argument is intended to
support or demonstrate or prove.
Arguments can go wrong in only two ways: - Answer-- Bad inferential structure
- False premise
Premise Indicators - Answer-because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in
that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we know this
by
Conclusion Indicators - Answer-therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it
follows that, implies that, as a result
Argument - Answer-A statement put forth and supported by evidence
What is meant by validity or strength of an argument? - Answer-Generally, Strong
Arguments are ones that are convincing. And an argument is valid if the premises(if
true) provide proof of the conclusion.
What are the different types of inferences? - Answer-- Deduction
- Induction
-Abduction
Inference - Answer-A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.
