D265 CRITICAL THINKING - REASON
AND EVIDENCE WITH QUESTIONS AND
SURE ANSWERS
Which statement is accurate regarding bias in newspapers? - Answer-All newspapers
have bias, but some are more credible than others.
Critical thinking perspective teaches that while all sources have bias, some are more
credible than others.
What statement is most accurate regarding the credibility of information sources? -
Answer-Sources that apologize for mistakes are more likely credible than those that do
not.
Sources that consider the possibility that their assessment is wrong, consider the other
side fairly, and/or consider counter arguments to their analysis are more likely to be
credible than sources that insist they are correct.
Before trusting a source, Josue takes time to identify the author. Why is this important?
- Answer-It helps Josue determine if the author has relevant expertise.
What should a critical thinker do if they are uncertain about the reliability of a source? -
Answer-They should cross-reference the source with additional source materials.
Critical thinking perspective never suggests for us to personally verify every source.
"Trust me," the news broadcaster said. "I am giving you just the facts, free from bias."
What is a logical reaction to this claim? - Answer-"This can't be true, because all
sources contain bias."
Which statement illustrates the principle of charity? - Answer-"Rebecca mentioned that
she has saved enough for retirement. It's nice to hear that she is feeling confident about
her preparedness."
In critical thinking we are called to try and interpret other's reasoning in the best possible
light.
Which is true about heuristics? - Answer-Heuristics help individuals make quick
decisions.
Also known as "rules of thumbs" or "mental shortcuts" System 1 thinking is fast,
automatic.
According to the hundreds of people I interviewed at the Daytona 500 NASCAR race,
NASCAR is the best sport to watch live. This proves that Americans enjoy going to
NASCAR races more than football or baseball games. Which concept does this
example illustrate? - Answer-Selection bias.
, Selection bias happens when the same we generalize from isn't large enough or
representative of the total population.
Because Noah believes LeBron James is the greatest basketball player of all time, he
ignores any sports commentator who argues that Michael Jordan was. Which concept
does this illustrate? - Answer-Confirmation bias.
Confirmation bias occurs when we seek out or trust information that confirms or
supports the beliefs we already have.
A ten-story apartment complex surveys everyone on the first floor to understand how
they feel about a new law that would restrict pets. Which statement is true regarding this
statistical sample? - Answer-The sample is not representative.
Because they only interviewed the people on the first floor, they are unable to get an
accurate picture of how all of the representatives feel about the law.
When scrolling through TikTok, Lawrence notices that most people agree with his
political views. Based on this information, what conclusion can Lawrence reasonably
have regarding his political view? - Answer-He cannot conclude anything.
Social media algorithms often match us with like-minded individuals and/or simply show
information/sources that it predicts that we will enjoy.
Kristi is asked by her parents what she will do for a job after she graduates. The first
thing Kristi thinks of is a presentation she saw earlier that day from a Navy recruiter on
how enlisted sailers get to "see the world." Kristi tells her parents that she would
probably enlist in the Navy. What kind of bias is Kristi exhibiting? - Answer-Availability
bias.
This is when an individual uses information that is easily available while not considering
unknown information.
"Why would you consider buying a Kia? My mom's Kia gave her nothing but trouble. It is
clear you can't trust anything Kia makes!" Which fallacy best describes this example? -
Answer-Hasty generalization.
This fallacy occurs when someone generalizes too quickly about a group of people,
things, or events.
"I know you are upset I'm late for work again. But just look how clean my workspace is!"
Which fallacy best describes this example? - Answer-Red herring.
This fallacy is committed whenever someone introduces an irrelevant topic or changes
the topic.
A person is shopping for a new suit. A suit that was originally sold for $1,000 was on
sale for $400. Believing this deal was too good to pass up, the buyer purchased the suit,
even though they had planned on only spending $300 What cognitive bias did the buyer
exhibit? - Answer-Anchoring and Adjusting
The buyer first becomes anchored to the original price ($1,000). Because the suit was
being sold for only $400 (adjusting)
AND EVIDENCE WITH QUESTIONS AND
SURE ANSWERS
Which statement is accurate regarding bias in newspapers? - Answer-All newspapers
have bias, but some are more credible than others.
Critical thinking perspective teaches that while all sources have bias, some are more
credible than others.
What statement is most accurate regarding the credibility of information sources? -
Answer-Sources that apologize for mistakes are more likely credible than those that do
not.
Sources that consider the possibility that their assessment is wrong, consider the other
side fairly, and/or consider counter arguments to their analysis are more likely to be
credible than sources that insist they are correct.
Before trusting a source, Josue takes time to identify the author. Why is this important?
- Answer-It helps Josue determine if the author has relevant expertise.
What should a critical thinker do if they are uncertain about the reliability of a source? -
Answer-They should cross-reference the source with additional source materials.
Critical thinking perspective never suggests for us to personally verify every source.
"Trust me," the news broadcaster said. "I am giving you just the facts, free from bias."
What is a logical reaction to this claim? - Answer-"This can't be true, because all
sources contain bias."
Which statement illustrates the principle of charity? - Answer-"Rebecca mentioned that
she has saved enough for retirement. It's nice to hear that she is feeling confident about
her preparedness."
In critical thinking we are called to try and interpret other's reasoning in the best possible
light.
Which is true about heuristics? - Answer-Heuristics help individuals make quick
decisions.
Also known as "rules of thumbs" or "mental shortcuts" System 1 thinking is fast,
automatic.
According to the hundreds of people I interviewed at the Daytona 500 NASCAR race,
NASCAR is the best sport to watch live. This proves that Americans enjoy going to
NASCAR races more than football or baseball games. Which concept does this
example illustrate? - Answer-Selection bias.
, Selection bias happens when the same we generalize from isn't large enough or
representative of the total population.
Because Noah believes LeBron James is the greatest basketball player of all time, he
ignores any sports commentator who argues that Michael Jordan was. Which concept
does this illustrate? - Answer-Confirmation bias.
Confirmation bias occurs when we seek out or trust information that confirms or
supports the beliefs we already have.
A ten-story apartment complex surveys everyone on the first floor to understand how
they feel about a new law that would restrict pets. Which statement is true regarding this
statistical sample? - Answer-The sample is not representative.
Because they only interviewed the people on the first floor, they are unable to get an
accurate picture of how all of the representatives feel about the law.
When scrolling through TikTok, Lawrence notices that most people agree with his
political views. Based on this information, what conclusion can Lawrence reasonably
have regarding his political view? - Answer-He cannot conclude anything.
Social media algorithms often match us with like-minded individuals and/or simply show
information/sources that it predicts that we will enjoy.
Kristi is asked by her parents what she will do for a job after she graduates. The first
thing Kristi thinks of is a presentation she saw earlier that day from a Navy recruiter on
how enlisted sailers get to "see the world." Kristi tells her parents that she would
probably enlist in the Navy. What kind of bias is Kristi exhibiting? - Answer-Availability
bias.
This is when an individual uses information that is easily available while not considering
unknown information.
"Why would you consider buying a Kia? My mom's Kia gave her nothing but trouble. It is
clear you can't trust anything Kia makes!" Which fallacy best describes this example? -
Answer-Hasty generalization.
This fallacy occurs when someone generalizes too quickly about a group of people,
things, or events.
"I know you are upset I'm late for work again. But just look how clean my workspace is!"
Which fallacy best describes this example? - Answer-Red herring.
This fallacy is committed whenever someone introduces an irrelevant topic or changes
the topic.
A person is shopping for a new suit. A suit that was originally sold for $1,000 was on
sale for $400. Believing this deal was too good to pass up, the buyer purchased the suit,
even though they had planned on only spending $300 What cognitive bias did the buyer
exhibit? - Answer-Anchoring and Adjusting
The buyer first becomes anchored to the original price ($1,000). Because the suit was
being sold for only $400 (adjusting)
