NSG123/ NSG 123 Final Exam: (New 2024/
2025 Update) Med Surg 1 Review| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| All
Units Covered| A Grade – Herzing
QUESTION
isotonic solution
Answer:
- has the same concentration of solutes as blood
- no fluid shift
- given for FVD, blood loss, hypotension, hypovolemia*** Ex: 0.9% NaCl, lactated ringers, 5%
dextrose in water
QUESTION
hypotonic solution
Answer:
- has less concentration of solutes than blood
- fluid shifts INTO the cells
- given for NPO
Ex: 0.45% NaCl, water, 2.5% dextrose in water
QUESTION
hypertonic solution
Answer:
- has more concentration of solutes than blood
- fluid shifts OUT of the cells
- given for 3rd spacing, later stages of DKA Ex: 3% NaCl, 5% NaCl
QUESTION
,IV insertion steps
Answer:
- open and prepare sterile packages
- prepare extension tubing: clean connection port, attach 0.9% NS syringe to tubing and prime
tubing, leave syringe attached
- apply tourniquet
- select vein to be used
- release tourniquet temporarily
- apply clean gloves
- clean site
- reapply tourniquet
- insert needle with bevel up
- check for blood return/flashback
- advance needle 1/4" and then loosen stylet
- using index finger, advance catheter off the needle into the vein
- stabilize catheter and release tourniquet
- connect extension tubing to catheter
- aspirate to assess blood return, then flush line with 0.9% NS
- secure catheter with tape/transparent dressing
- label dressing with date, time, initials, type and size of catheter used
QUESTION
osteoporosis
Answer:
- rate of bone resorption is greater than rate of bone formation
- most common bone disease in the world
- bones become porous and brittle
QUESTION
risk factors for osteoporosis
Answer:
- female
- small bone frame
- age
, - low estrogen (menopause)
- decreased calcitonin
- low calcium & vitamin D intake
- sedentary lifestyle
- long-term corticosteroids
- GI disease (cannot absorb calcium)
QUESTION
diagnostic studies for osteoporosis
Answer:
- DEXA scan
- labs: Ca, vitamin D, phosphate
QUESTION
medications for osteoporosis
Answer:
- calcium and vitamin D (best taken together for fracture prevention)
- bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax)
- calcitonin (pushes calcium from blood into bones)
- estrogen agonists/antagonists (Evista)
QUESTION
signs of calcium toxicity
Answer:
- flank and abdominal pain
- lower extremity weakness
- constipation
QUESTION
patient education for bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax)
Answer:
2025 Update) Med Surg 1 Review| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| All
Units Covered| A Grade – Herzing
QUESTION
isotonic solution
Answer:
- has the same concentration of solutes as blood
- no fluid shift
- given for FVD, blood loss, hypotension, hypovolemia*** Ex: 0.9% NaCl, lactated ringers, 5%
dextrose in water
QUESTION
hypotonic solution
Answer:
- has less concentration of solutes than blood
- fluid shifts INTO the cells
- given for NPO
Ex: 0.45% NaCl, water, 2.5% dextrose in water
QUESTION
hypertonic solution
Answer:
- has more concentration of solutes than blood
- fluid shifts OUT of the cells
- given for 3rd spacing, later stages of DKA Ex: 3% NaCl, 5% NaCl
QUESTION
,IV insertion steps
Answer:
- open and prepare sterile packages
- prepare extension tubing: clean connection port, attach 0.9% NS syringe to tubing and prime
tubing, leave syringe attached
- apply tourniquet
- select vein to be used
- release tourniquet temporarily
- apply clean gloves
- clean site
- reapply tourniquet
- insert needle with bevel up
- check for blood return/flashback
- advance needle 1/4" and then loosen stylet
- using index finger, advance catheter off the needle into the vein
- stabilize catheter and release tourniquet
- connect extension tubing to catheter
- aspirate to assess blood return, then flush line with 0.9% NS
- secure catheter with tape/transparent dressing
- label dressing with date, time, initials, type and size of catheter used
QUESTION
osteoporosis
Answer:
- rate of bone resorption is greater than rate of bone formation
- most common bone disease in the world
- bones become porous and brittle
QUESTION
risk factors for osteoporosis
Answer:
- female
- small bone frame
- age
, - low estrogen (menopause)
- decreased calcitonin
- low calcium & vitamin D intake
- sedentary lifestyle
- long-term corticosteroids
- GI disease (cannot absorb calcium)
QUESTION
diagnostic studies for osteoporosis
Answer:
- DEXA scan
- labs: Ca, vitamin D, phosphate
QUESTION
medications for osteoporosis
Answer:
- calcium and vitamin D (best taken together for fracture prevention)
- bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax)
- calcitonin (pushes calcium from blood into bones)
- estrogen agonists/antagonists (Evista)
QUESTION
signs of calcium toxicity
Answer:
- flank and abdominal pain
- lower extremity weakness
- constipation
QUESTION
patient education for bisphosphonates (Alendronate/Fosamax)
Answer:
