Photosynthesis
photosynthesisConversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen✔✔photosynthesis equation(very important)6CO2 +
6H2O --> light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2✔✔chloroplastsA structure in the cells of plants and some
other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.✔✔glucoseanother
name for sugar C6H12O6✔✔sunlightmain source of energy✔✔cellular respirationC6H1206->CO2 +
H20+ ENERGY (released)
goal is to create ATP
occurs in all living things✔✔cell✔✔mitochondriaAn organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.✔✔ATP(adenosine
triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
the energy is stored in ATP until it is released by the reactions remove a phosphate from ATP
a simple way of remembering it is just that it's just energy✔✔PhotosynthesisThe process by which
green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce
their own food.✔✔Asexual reproductionReproduction accomplished by a single organism.✔✔Sexual
reproductionReproduction that requires two organisms✔✔InheritanceThe process by which physical
and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the
offspring.✔✔MutationAn abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its
parents✔✔HypothesisAn educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a
question.✔✔TheoryA hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.✔✔Scientific
lawA theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.✔✔Prokaryotic cellA cell
that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.✔✔Eukaryotic cellA cell with distinct, membrane-
bounded organelles.✔✔SpeciesA unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce
, under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such
units.✔✔TaxonomyThe science of classifying organisms.✔✔Binomial nomenclatureNaming an organism
with its genus and species name.✔✔Aerobic organismAn organism that requires oxygen.✔✔Anaerobic
organismAn organism that does not require oxygen.✔✔Exponential growthPopulation growth that is
unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.✔✔Logistic
growthPopulation growth that is controlled by limited resources.✔✔PlasmidA small, circular section of
extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the
main bacterial genetic code.✔✔NucleusThe region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main
DNA.✔✔VacuoleA membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell.✔✔ChloroplastAn organelle containing
chlorophyll for photosynthesis.✔✔ChlorophyllA pigment necessary for photosynthesis.✔✔CiliaHairlike
projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion.✔✔CelluloseA
substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms.✔✔ChitinA chemical
that provides both toughness and flexibility.✔✔MembraneA thin covering of
tissue.✔✔FermentationThe anaerobic breakdown of sugars into smaller molecules.✔✔ZygoteThe result
of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the
offspring.✔✔AntibioticA chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction
rate of other organisms.✔✔AtomsThe basic building blocks of matter.✔✔MatterAnything that has mass
and takes up space.✔✔ModelAn explanation or representation of something that cannot be
seen.✔✔MoleculesChemicals that result from atoms linking together.✔✔DiffusionThe random motion
of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.✔✔ConcentrationA
measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent.✔✔Semipermeable
membraneA membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules
to pass through.✔✔OsmosisThe tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into
areas of higher solute concentration.✔✔CatalystA substance that alters the speed of a chemical
photosynthesisConversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen✔✔photosynthesis equation(very important)6CO2 +
6H2O --> light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2✔✔chloroplastsA structure in the cells of plants and some
other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.✔✔glucoseanother
name for sugar C6H12O6✔✔sunlightmain source of energy✔✔cellular respirationC6H1206->CO2 +
H20+ ENERGY (released)
goal is to create ATP
occurs in all living things✔✔cell✔✔mitochondriaAn organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.✔✔ATP(adenosine
triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
the energy is stored in ATP until it is released by the reactions remove a phosphate from ATP
a simple way of remembering it is just that it's just energy✔✔PhotosynthesisThe process by which
green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce
their own food.✔✔Asexual reproductionReproduction accomplished by a single organism.✔✔Sexual
reproductionReproduction that requires two organisms✔✔InheritanceThe process by which physical
and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the
offspring.✔✔MutationAn abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its
parents✔✔HypothesisAn educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a
question.✔✔TheoryA hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.✔✔Scientific
lawA theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.✔✔Prokaryotic cellA cell
that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.✔✔Eukaryotic cellA cell with distinct, membrane-
bounded organelles.✔✔SpeciesA unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce
, under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such
units.✔✔TaxonomyThe science of classifying organisms.✔✔Binomial nomenclatureNaming an organism
with its genus and species name.✔✔Aerobic organismAn organism that requires oxygen.✔✔Anaerobic
organismAn organism that does not require oxygen.✔✔Exponential growthPopulation growth that is
unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.✔✔Logistic
growthPopulation growth that is controlled by limited resources.✔✔PlasmidA small, circular section of
extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the
main bacterial genetic code.✔✔NucleusThe region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main
DNA.✔✔VacuoleA membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell.✔✔ChloroplastAn organelle containing
chlorophyll for photosynthesis.✔✔ChlorophyllA pigment necessary for photosynthesis.✔✔CiliaHairlike
projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion.✔✔CelluloseA
substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms.✔✔ChitinA chemical
that provides both toughness and flexibility.✔✔MembraneA thin covering of
tissue.✔✔FermentationThe anaerobic breakdown of sugars into smaller molecules.✔✔ZygoteThe result
of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the
offspring.✔✔AntibioticA chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction
rate of other organisms.✔✔AtomsThe basic building blocks of matter.✔✔MatterAnything that has mass
and takes up space.✔✔ModelAn explanation or representation of something that cannot be
seen.✔✔MoleculesChemicals that result from atoms linking together.✔✔DiffusionThe random motion
of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.✔✔ConcentrationA
measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent.✔✔Semipermeable
membraneA membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules
to pass through.✔✔OsmosisThe tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into
areas of higher solute concentration.✔✔CatalystA substance that alters the speed of a chemical
