BIOS 242 Final Exam Study Guide
in
Questions & Answers
1. Name the viral infection characterized by unusual oral lesions called
Koplik’s spots followed by red maculopapular exanthema.
Measles
2. What microbe causes stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers)
Helicobacter pylori
3. What infectious class of organisms is known to be transmitted by pork and
stimulates production of eosinophils?
Helminthic
4. Which type of hypersensitivity involves only cell mediated immunity?
Type IV.
5. Know examples of signs and symptoms
Type 1- Anaphylactic, hives, wheal and erythema
Type 2- asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis and
Type 3-skin disposition vasculitic (skin), serum sickness (systemic), nephritis
(kidneys) and extrinsic allergic alveolitis (lungs)
Type 4- often called delayed type hypersensitivity as the reaction takes several
days to develop. Many chronic infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and
fungal infections, exhibit delayed hypersensitivity.
6. Define carrier of disease
A person or organism infected with an infectious disease agent but displays no
symptoms. Also known as Asymptomatic carrier.
7. Know the classes of immunoglobulins & their function
IgG- Main blood antibody of secondary responses, neutralizes toxins, opsonization
,IgM-Main antibody of primary responses, best at fixing complement; the monomer
form of IgM serves as the B cell receptor.
IgA-Secreted into mucus, tears, saliva and colostrum
IgE- Antibody of allergy and antiparasitic activity.
IgD- B cell receptor
8. Which antibiotics work to inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial
cell walls?
Penicillins and cephalosporins
9. List all of the noncellular infectious agents
Viruses
Virions
Viroids
10.List the types of parasitic helminths
Roundworms
Pinworm
Trichina
Spiralis
Tapeworm
Fluke
11.List the methods of horizontal gene transfer
Transformation
Transduction
Bacterial conjugation
12.Does glycolysis occur in the absence of oxygen? Is pyruvic acid, CO2 &
H2O end products of glycolysis? Does glycolysis occur during
fermentation? Does glycolysis reduce NAD?
, Glycolysis occurs when glucose and oxygen are supplied to the cells by the
bloodstream, and it takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. Glycolysis can also occur
without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. When
glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small amounts of ATP
Is pyruvic acid, CO2 & H2O end products
of glycolysis? Yes
Does glycolysis occur during fermentation?
. Glycolysis can also occur without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration,
or fermentation. When glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small
amounts of ATP
Does glycolysis reduce NAD?
In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is
not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the
NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis
again
13.What type of microbe is Trichomonas vaginalis and what condition does it
cause?
It is a parasitic protozoan. It causes Trichomoniasis this condition.
14.Describe the signs/symptoms of HSV-2 infections
Signs/symptoms
Itching
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Headaches
Lack of appetite
Pain during urination
Blistering sores in mouth
15.What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Study?
in
Questions & Answers
1. Name the viral infection characterized by unusual oral lesions called
Koplik’s spots followed by red maculopapular exanthema.
Measles
2. What microbe causes stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers)
Helicobacter pylori
3. What infectious class of organisms is known to be transmitted by pork and
stimulates production of eosinophils?
Helminthic
4. Which type of hypersensitivity involves only cell mediated immunity?
Type IV.
5. Know examples of signs and symptoms
Type 1- Anaphylactic, hives, wheal and erythema
Type 2- asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis and
Type 3-skin disposition vasculitic (skin), serum sickness (systemic), nephritis
(kidneys) and extrinsic allergic alveolitis (lungs)
Type 4- often called delayed type hypersensitivity as the reaction takes several
days to develop. Many chronic infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and
fungal infections, exhibit delayed hypersensitivity.
6. Define carrier of disease
A person or organism infected with an infectious disease agent but displays no
symptoms. Also known as Asymptomatic carrier.
7. Know the classes of immunoglobulins & their function
IgG- Main blood antibody of secondary responses, neutralizes toxins, opsonization
,IgM-Main antibody of primary responses, best at fixing complement; the monomer
form of IgM serves as the B cell receptor.
IgA-Secreted into mucus, tears, saliva and colostrum
IgE- Antibody of allergy and antiparasitic activity.
IgD- B cell receptor
8. Which antibiotics work to inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial
cell walls?
Penicillins and cephalosporins
9. List all of the noncellular infectious agents
Viruses
Virions
Viroids
10.List the types of parasitic helminths
Roundworms
Pinworm
Trichina
Spiralis
Tapeworm
Fluke
11.List the methods of horizontal gene transfer
Transformation
Transduction
Bacterial conjugation
12.Does glycolysis occur in the absence of oxygen? Is pyruvic acid, CO2 &
H2O end products of glycolysis? Does glycolysis occur during
fermentation? Does glycolysis reduce NAD?
, Glycolysis occurs when glucose and oxygen are supplied to the cells by the
bloodstream, and it takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. Glycolysis can also occur
without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. When
glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small amounts of ATP
Is pyruvic acid, CO2 & H2O end products
of glycolysis? Yes
Does glycolysis occur during fermentation?
. Glycolysis can also occur without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration,
or fermentation. When glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small
amounts of ATP
Does glycolysis reduce NAD?
In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is
not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the
NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis
again
13.What type of microbe is Trichomonas vaginalis and what condition does it
cause?
It is a parasitic protozoan. It causes Trichomoniasis this condition.
14.Describe the signs/symptoms of HSV-2 infections
Signs/symptoms
Itching
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Headaches
Lack of appetite
Pain during urination
Blistering sores in mouth
15.What was the purpose of the Tuskegee Study?
