PHY 503: UPPER AND LOWER GI PERISTALSIS: TEST
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is GERD? -- Answer ✔✔ incomplete LES closure allows stomach contents to
enter the lower esophagus and damage the esophageal wall
What are some complications of GERD? -- Answer ✔✔ esophageal stricture from scar
tissue, asthma resulting in aspiration, chronic sinus infections from reflux into the throat,
Barrett's esophagus
What is Barrett's esophagus? -- Answer ✔✔ chronic exposure to stomach contents
results in the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus being replaced
with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (similar to intestinal lining) as
esophagus tries to heal the damage
What is Barrett's esophagus a risk factor for? -- Answer ✔✔ esophageal cancer
What are rugae? -- Answer ✔✔ folds in the stomach lining
What happens when food enters the stomach? -- Answer ✔✔ receptive relaxation
occurs to make room for each food bolus entering (involves the vagus)
, Why is receptive relaxation in the stomach considered a vagovagal reflex? -- Answer
✔✔ sensory stretch signals are carried from the stomach to the CNS by the vagus
nerve, and the vagus also conducts efferent impulses to the orad (upper stomach) to
receive the food
What occurs as food moves to the caudal area of the stomach? -- Answer ✔✔ mixing of
food with gastric juice
What do contractions in the stomach cause? -- Answer ✔✔ retropulsion of contents
from caudad area to orad area, which throughout mixes the food with gastric secretions
What does the antral pump in the caudad area of the stomach do? -- Answer ✔✔
propels chyme into the duodenum
What are some factors that increase the rate of gastric emptying? -- Answer ✔✔ 1)
increased tone of the orad
2) forceful peristaltic contractions to propel contents toward the distal stomach
3) decreased pyloric sphincter tone
4) absence of segmental intestinal contractions
Why must segmental intestinal contractions be absent to increase gastric emptying? --
Answer ✔✔ because the absence signals to the stomach that the intestines are not busy
processing food, and are ready to receive the stomach contents
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is GERD? -- Answer ✔✔ incomplete LES closure allows stomach contents to
enter the lower esophagus and damage the esophageal wall
What are some complications of GERD? -- Answer ✔✔ esophageal stricture from scar
tissue, asthma resulting in aspiration, chronic sinus infections from reflux into the throat,
Barrett's esophagus
What is Barrett's esophagus? -- Answer ✔✔ chronic exposure to stomach contents
results in the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus being replaced
with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (similar to intestinal lining) as
esophagus tries to heal the damage
What is Barrett's esophagus a risk factor for? -- Answer ✔✔ esophageal cancer
What are rugae? -- Answer ✔✔ folds in the stomach lining
What happens when food enters the stomach? -- Answer ✔✔ receptive relaxation
occurs to make room for each food bolus entering (involves the vagus)
, Why is receptive relaxation in the stomach considered a vagovagal reflex? -- Answer
✔✔ sensory stretch signals are carried from the stomach to the CNS by the vagus
nerve, and the vagus also conducts efferent impulses to the orad (upper stomach) to
receive the food
What occurs as food moves to the caudal area of the stomach? -- Answer ✔✔ mixing of
food with gastric juice
What do contractions in the stomach cause? -- Answer ✔✔ retropulsion of contents
from caudad area to orad area, which throughout mixes the food with gastric secretions
What does the antral pump in the caudad area of the stomach do? -- Answer ✔✔
propels chyme into the duodenum
What are some factors that increase the rate of gastric emptying? -- Answer ✔✔ 1)
increased tone of the orad
2) forceful peristaltic contractions to propel contents toward the distal stomach
3) decreased pyloric sphincter tone
4) absence of segmental intestinal contractions
Why must segmental intestinal contractions be absent to increase gastric emptying? --
Answer ✔✔ because the absence signals to the stomach that the intestines are not busy
processing food, and are ready to receive the stomach contents
