AP BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Which of the following is an important difference between light-dependent and light-
independent reactions of photosynthesis? - Answer-The light-dependent reactions
produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use energy stored in ATP
and NADPH.
Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of
ATP synthase? - Answer-Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on
the formation of a proton gradient?
Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in
muscle cells? - Answer-A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation
The figure above shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the
following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?
- Answer-The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion
concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.
Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria
are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one
solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best
explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without
oxygen? - Answer-The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial
membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen.
What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?
- Answer-Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during
the day.
Process in which O2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions -
Answer-D- Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
Process in which carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules - Answer-C-
Calvin cycle
Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid - Answer-A- glycolysis
When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner
mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes,
the result is - Answer-the creation of a proton gradient
, Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle? -
Answer-How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the - Answer-cytosol
Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic
fermentation? - Answer-Glycolysis
During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon
dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of
oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?
- Answer-A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas
According to the data, the mice at 10o C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per
gram of tissue than did the mice at 25o C. This is most likely explained by which of the
following statements? - Answer-The mice at 10o C had a higher rate of ATP production
than the mice at 25oC.
The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from - Answer-H2O
Discuss the role of green plants in transforming the Sun's energy into a form that can
ultimately be used by heterotrophs. - Answer-The role of green green plants transforms
the Sun's energy into a form that can ultimately be used by heterotrophs. This
transformation occurs through photosynthesis in the conversion of light energy to
chemical energy. This "green" in the plant comes from the chlorophyll. The chlorophyll
absorbs the light and breaks down water to produce electrons. In photosystem 2 these
electrons get excited and activate the electrons in photosystem 1. Finally, these
electrons activate NAD+ which accepts the electrons and goes into the electron
transport chain. At the end of these dependent light reactions ATP and NADPH are
produced and then undergo the light independent reaction of the Calvin Cycle which
fixes CO2 and creates PGAL and glucose with the use of ATP and NADPH.
Heterotrophs ultimately eat these plants and gain energy in the form of glucose.
The CFTR protein is made up of 1480 animo acids linked together in a chain. Some
humans produce a version of the CFTR protein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid)
has been deleted from position 508 of the animo acid chain. Which of the following best
predicts how the animo acid deletion will affect the structure of the CFTR protein? -
Answer-It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTR
If 30% of the nucleotides in a single stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what
percent are expected to be thymine? - Answer-0%
Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP - Answer-A- mitochondria
Site of glucose synthesis - Answer-B- chloroplasts
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Which of the following is an important difference between light-dependent and light-
independent reactions of photosynthesis? - Answer-The light-dependent reactions
produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use energy stored in ATP
and NADPH.
Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of
ATP synthase? - Answer-Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on
the formation of a proton gradient?
Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in
muscle cells? - Answer-A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation
The figure above shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the
following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?
- Answer-The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion
concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.
Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria
are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one
solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best
explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without
oxygen? - Answer-The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial
membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen.
What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?
- Answer-Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during
the day.
Process in which O2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions -
Answer-D- Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
Process in which carbon from CO2 is incorporated into organic molecules - Answer-C-
Calvin cycle
Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid - Answer-A- glycolysis
When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner
mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes,
the result is - Answer-the creation of a proton gradient
, Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle? -
Answer-How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?
The reactions of glycolysis occur in the - Answer-cytosol
Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic
fermentation? - Answer-Glycolysis
During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon
dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of
oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?
- Answer-A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas
According to the data, the mice at 10o C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per
gram of tissue than did the mice at 25o C. This is most likely explained by which of the
following statements? - Answer-The mice at 10o C had a higher rate of ATP production
than the mice at 25oC.
The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from - Answer-H2O
Discuss the role of green plants in transforming the Sun's energy into a form that can
ultimately be used by heterotrophs. - Answer-The role of green green plants transforms
the Sun's energy into a form that can ultimately be used by heterotrophs. This
transformation occurs through photosynthesis in the conversion of light energy to
chemical energy. This "green" in the plant comes from the chlorophyll. The chlorophyll
absorbs the light and breaks down water to produce electrons. In photosystem 2 these
electrons get excited and activate the electrons in photosystem 1. Finally, these
electrons activate NAD+ which accepts the electrons and goes into the electron
transport chain. At the end of these dependent light reactions ATP and NADPH are
produced and then undergo the light independent reaction of the Calvin Cycle which
fixes CO2 and creates PGAL and glucose with the use of ATP and NADPH.
Heterotrophs ultimately eat these plants and gain energy in the form of glucose.
The CFTR protein is made up of 1480 animo acids linked together in a chain. Some
humans produce a version of the CFTR protein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid)
has been deleted from position 508 of the animo acid chain. Which of the following best
predicts how the animo acid deletion will affect the structure of the CFTR protein? -
Answer-It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTR
If 30% of the nucleotides in a single stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what
percent are expected to be thymine? - Answer-0%
Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP - Answer-A- mitochondria
Site of glucose synthesis - Answer-B- chloroplasts
